投入数字化与出口产品质量结构升级——来自中国多产品出口企业的经验证据

Input Digitization and Upgrading of Export Product Quality Structure:Empirical Evidence from Chinese Multi-Product Exporters

本文理论剖析投入数字化对企业出口产品质量结构的影响机理,并基于世界投入产出数据库、中国海关进出口数据库与中国工业企业数据库展开经验检验。研究结果表明,投入数字化能够显著提升企业出口产品质量结构,主要表现为有意识淘汰性能落后的低质量产品,将有限的资源更多投向靠近质量前沿的高质量产品进行生产并出口。机制检验发现,投入数字化主要通过对企业内部产品质量差异化调整、边际成本差异化调整与产品转换能力提高效应这三条渠道,来优化出口产品质量结构。异质性检验显示,相对于中小微型、低国际市场竞争行业、资源型城市企业组,投入数字化对大型、高度国际市场竞争行业、非资源型城市的企业组的出口产品质量结构优化效应更为显著。

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of the influence mechanism of input digitalization on the quality structure of export products.Furthermore,it conducts empirical testing based on the World Input Output Database,China Customs Import and Export Database,and China Industrial Enterprise Database.The mechanism test shows that input digitalization mainly optimizes the quality structure of export products through three channels:quality differentiation adjustment of internal products,marginal cost differentiation adjustment of internal products,and improvement of product conversion ability.The heterogeneity test shows that compared with medium,small and micro-sized enterprises,input digitalization has a larger effect on the optimization of export product quality structure of large-scale enterprises;and the effect of input digitalization on export product quality structure of enterprise groups in high competitive industries and non-resource-based cities is significantly higher than that of low competitive industries and resource-based cities.