论清华简《筮法》中的标出性

Markedness in the Qinghua Bamboo Manuscript Stalk Divination

《筮法》作为清华大学抢救的战国竹简篇目之一,一经发表就受到中外学界的重视,其中对《筮法》中数字卦的使用和成卦方式的研究成果颇丰。但其阐释逻辑还有待研究。本文尝试将《筮法》的卦辞放在符号元语言框架下进行分析,并运用“标出性”(markedness)来理解《筮法》的占卜元语言。从这一分析我们可以看到,《筮法》兼具蓍草占的技术特点和灾异占的阐释特点。通过对《筮法》的分析,本文希望能够利用符号学来帮助我们从中国传统的数术分类之外来重新看待和理解中国古代占卜技术。

Since the discovery of the Qinghua bamboo manuscripts in 2008,scholars have paid considerable attention to one of these manuscripts,Stalk Divination,and especially to the divinatory method that it describes.However,the logic behind the interpretation of the results has not yet been studied.This article examines the divinatory results in Stalk Divimation in the context of meta-language.Specifically,it applies the concept of markedness to understand the characteristics of interpretation strategies in Stalk Divination,and thereby reveals an otherwise neglected commonality between the manuscript and other traditional Chinese divinatory traditions,such as astrology.Using Stalk Divination as a case study,this article demonstrates how semiotics can be a productive methodology for understanding traditional Chinese divination.