孙子诡道思想的符号学研究

Semiosic Thoughts in Sun Zi's Tao of Deception

孙子思想在海外传播最广、争议最大者莫过于诡道十二法。西人在惊叹它的实用性的同时,又纠结于它对常态社会伦理规范的破坏。事实上,战争场域符号活动的特异性决定了一般交际理论难以阐释敌我双方的符号行为。研究发现,兵不厌诈乃场域内的普遍习性,战场上的符号编码中,“利”是内核,“投其所好”与“夺其所爱”是有效操控手段;在解码对策上,孙子秉持实用原则,识得意图为先;其思想中更是暗含不同类型符号在可信度与操控度上的差异。本研究是对传统经典的新阐释,填补了当前符号学界对谎言符号动态生成过程的研究空白。

Of the works of Sun Zi,the most widely read and controversial overseas is undoubtedly his Tao of Deception.Westerners are impressed by its practicality but raise concerns over its disruption of conventional social ethics and morals.In fact,in the field of warfare,semiosis has its alterity,and normal social laws and communication theories are incapable of explaining sign behaviours when two sides are at war.This study finds a long-standing habitus in the field of the semiosis of warfare that nothing is too deceitful in a state of war;the core of the lie sign is"benefit",the aim is to take the enemy by surprise;and useful means are to satisfy his tastes and steal what he loves.In terms of decoding strategies,Sun Zi follows a pragmatic maxim of prioritising understanding of the intentions behind signs.Meanwhile,he expresses subtle thoughts on the credibility and manipulability of signs according to their types.This study produces a new interpretation of a classic that addresses the insufficient attention given by semiotics to the dynamic generating process of lie signs.Furthermore,it reveals the mechanisms behind the generation of these signs,which can offer practical guidance.