中国居民多维健康贫困的测度与分解研究

Study on Measurement and Decomposition of Multidimensional Health Poverty among Chinese Residents

目的:构建多维健康贫困指标体系,分析居民健康贫困现状,为我国相对贫困治理提供参考。方法:将多维贫困的A-F方法引入多维健康贫困的测度,使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2018年数据,从健康权利、健康能力、健康风险三个维度进行健康贫困测度。结果:随着临界值k增大,多维健康贫困的广度不断减小,深度逐渐增大,当k=0.3时,健康能力、健康权利和健康风险对健康贫困的贡献度分别为47.42%、27.94%和24.63%;二级指标中,受教育程度的贡献度最大,是否参加医疗保险的贡献度最小;从省份来看,甘肃、河南、辽宁、广东、四川、河北对健康贫困的贡献度较大。结论:资源不平等会削弱居民获得健康资源的能力,增加陷入健康贫困的风险,因此在相对贫困治理过程中政府应保障居民公平获取教育、卫生、就业和基础设施等资源,继续健全多层次社会保障体系,在健康贫困抵御上渗透发力。

Objective To establish a multidimensional health poverty indicator system,analyze the current situation of health poverty among Chinese residents,and to provide possible reference opinions for relative poverty governance in China.Methods The A-F method of multidimensional poverty was introduced into the measurement of multidimensional health poverty,and health poverty was measured in three dimensions,health rights,health ability,and health risk,using the survey data from the China Household Tracking Survey(CFPS)in 2018.Results As the critical value k increased,the breadth of multidimensional health poverty continued to decrease and the depth gradually increased.When k=0.3,the contributions of health ability,health rights,and health risks to health poverty were 47.42%,27.94%,and 24.63%,respectively.Among the secondary indicators,the contribution of education level was the largest,and the contribution of whether to participate in medical insurance was the smallest.In terms of provinces,Gansu,Henan,Liaoning,Guangdong,Sichuan,and Hebei contributed more to health poverty.Conclusion Resource inequality can weaken the ability of residents to access health resources and increase the risk of falling into health poverty.Therefore,in the process of relative poverty governance,the government should ensure residents'fair access to resources such as education,health,employment,and infrastructure,continue to improve the multi-level social security system,and make efforts to resist healthy poverty.