我国共同富裕评价指标体系及测度——基于省级行政区与区域层面的探讨

Evaluation Indicator System and Measurement of Common Prosperity in China: An Exploration Based on the Provincial and Regional Levels

扎实推动共同富裕的重要基础是科学构建评价指标体系,并准确测度共同富裕水平。本文强调整体思维、多维思维、长线思维和底线思维,系统梳理共同富裕的理论内涵与统计含义,构建由富裕性、共享性与托底性三个一级指标组成的共同富裕评价指标体系,并采用政府统计部门宏观数据与中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的大样本微观调查数据,在省级与区域层面测度2010—2018年共同富裕的实现程度。研究发现,从省级层面看,共同富裕指数持续向好,省级行政区之间的共同富裕指数呈收敛趋势;从一级指标看,富裕性指数与托底性指数稳步提升,但共享性指数提升乏力;省际富裕性指数与共享性指数呈比较明显的倒U型关系。从区域层面看,东部、中部、西部、东北地区之间在共同富裕指数上呈现明显的收敛趋势;南方与北方地区之间在共同富裕指数上的差距则呈加速扩大态势,但北方地区共享性维度的指数却一直高于南方地区。本文丰富了构建共同富裕评价指标体系的理论与方法,并将共同富裕的测度细化到省级与区域层面,为刻画共同富裕指数的省际差异、区域差异与时序变动,找准共同富裕的着力点并优化相关政策提供重要借鉴。

To promote common prosperity,it’s necessary to build an evaluation indicator system to measure the level of common prosperity.This paper emphasizes holistic,multidimensional,and long-term thinking,and highlights the bottom-line thinking in the process of Chinese modernization and common prosperity,sorts out the theoretic and statistical connotations of common prosperity,constructs an evaluation indicator system of common prosperity consisting of three first-level indicators:affluence,sharing and bottom-line guarantee,and measures the level of common prosperity at provincial and regional levels in China from 2010 to 2018,by using the macro data of national statistical department and micro survey data of Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS).The study finds that,at the provincial level,the level of common prosperity has continued to improve;the levels of common prosperity among provincial administrative regions has shown a convergence trend;from the first-level indicators,the level of affluence and bottom-line guarantee has steadily increased,but the level of sharing increases weakly and has large annual fluctuations;the level of inter-provincial affluence and the level of sharing show a relatively obvious inverted U-shaped relationship.At the regional level,there is an obvious trend of convergence in the level of common prosperity among eastern,central,western and northeastern China,while the gap in the level of common prosperity between the south and north is expanding faster,but the level of sharing in the north is always higher than that in the south.This paper enriches construction schemes of common prosperity evaluation systems,refining the measurement of common prosperity to the provincial level and regional level.It also provides an important reference for depicting the level of common prosperity and its inter-provincial,regional and temporal differences,identifying the focus of common prosperity and optimizing relevant policies.