工业机器人使用对就业的影响研究——基于制造业上市公司微观数据分析

Research on the Impact of Industrial Robot Use on Employment:Based on Micro—Data Analysis of Listed Manufacturing Companies

随着工业机器人等智能设备的大量使用,机器人对就业的影响开始受到广泛关注。利用IFR公布的工业机器人数据与我国上市制造业企业数据,实证分析工业机器人使用对我国制造业企业就业的影响。研究结果显示企业内部引入工业机器人会显著降低就业水平,且该影响主要通过提高就业破坏和降低就业创造这一途径实现的。异质性分析表明,工业机器人使用对大规模企业、行业集中度高的企业以及中西部企业的负向冲击更加明显。中间机制分析结果显示,工业机器人使用会改变企业研发人员占比和净资产收益率,进而对企业的就业总量和就业结构产生影响。最后综合以上研究结论提出相关政策建议。

With the extensive use of intelligent devices such as industrial robots,the impact of robots on employment has begun to receive widespread attention.Based on the data of industrial robots published by IFR and the data of listed manufacturing enterprises in China,the impact of industrial robots on the employment of manufacturing enterprises in China is empirically analyzed.The results show that the introduction of industrial robots within enterprises can significantly reduce the level of employment,and this effect is mainly achieved through increasing job destruction and reducing job creation.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative impact of the use of industrial robots on largescale enterprises,enterprises with high industry concentration and enterprises in the Midwest is more obvious.The intermediate mechanism analysis results show that the use of industrial robots will change the proportion of R&D personnel and the return on equity of enterprises,and then affect the total employment and employment structure of enterprises.Finally,relevant policy recommendations are put forward based on the above research conclusions.