基于实车路试的高速公路减速标线运行效果研究

Investigation on the operation effect of expressway deceleration marking based on field driving test

为探寻高速公路减速标线设置对小客车的纵向运行特性的影响,明确减速标线的减速效果,以G50沪渝高速重庆段的3处减速标线区段为对象,开展了实车驾驶试验,采集了自然驾驶状态下的车辆速度、加速度和轨迹等数据,对比分析了车辆经过3处减速标线区段时的速度整体特征、幅值分布和变化模式;同时分析了纵向减速度变化特征;根据速度与加速度的组合示意图和纵向减速标线设置区段内速度的最大降幅、起止点的速度差异性,评价了减速标线的实施效果。结果表明:由于道路线形条件不同,3处减速标线区段的车辆行驶速度整体特征和变化模式存在差异,其中弯坡组合路段车辆速度存在波动,分为“近匀速—减速—加速—稳定—加速”的五阶段变化模式;减速度中位值和85%位值分别为0.123 m/s^(2)、0.225 m/s^(2)、0.185 m/s^(2)和0.346 m/s^(2)、0.513 m/s^(2)、0.489 m/s^(2)。减速标线主要有两方面作用效果:能够使车辆运行车速显著降低,或能够抑制车辆速度增加的趋势。研究成果为高速公路减速标线有效性评价及安全改善提供了基础数据支持。

The present paper is inclined to explore the influence of deceleration marking lines on the longitudinal running characteristics of small passenger cars on highways and to clarify the deceleration effect of these markings.Field driving tests are conducted on three deceleration marking sections of the G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway in Chongqing.We collected data including vehicle speed,acceleration,and trajectory under natural driving conditions.Through these data,we compare and analyze the overall speed characteristics,amplitude distribution,and change patterns of the vehicle when passing through three deceleration marking sections.Afterward,according to the combination diagram of velocity and acceleration and the longitudinal deceleration marking,we set the maximum decrease of velocity in the section and the velocity difference between the starting and ending points,and use the t-test method to evaluate the implementation effect of deceleration markings.The results show that there are differences in the overall speed characteristics and variation patterns of vehicles passing through the three deceleration marking sections due to differences in road geometry.The speed of vehicles on the curved slope combination road section fluctuates and changes in a five-stage pattern of“near-constant speed-deceleration-acceleration-stability-acceleration”,The flat slope section is divided into two stages of“near-uniform speed-deceleration”,The downhill section is divided into two stages of“acceleration-deceleration”.The median and 85th percentile values of deceleration are 0.123 m/s^(2),0.225 m/s^(2),0.185 m/s^(2) and 0.346 m/s^(2),0.513 m/s^(2),0.489 m/s^(2).The speed control effect of the curved slope combination section and the downhill section is better than that of the flat slope section.All in all,the deceleration marking lines had two main effects:It can significantly reduce the operating speed of vehicles,or effectively suppress the trend of increasing vehicle speed.The research results provide basic data support for the evaluation of the effectiveness of deceleration marking lines on highways and for improving road safety.