中小企业安全管理员工作异化形成机理研究

Research on the formation mechanism of work alienation of safety personnel in SMEs

为探明中小企业安全管理员工作异化的原因及形成机理,进而提出针对性防范措施,深度访谈中小企业的25名安全管理员,采用“情境过程”框架,遵循扎根理论程序,建构了中小企业安全管理员工作异化形成机理模型,并分析了相关因素对中小企业安全管理员工作异化的影响。结果表明:当地应急管理部门、中小企业领导和员工在各自行为逻辑主导下,受内外部情境影响,分别选择形式化监管、模糊性问责,应付式管理、表面化支持,象征性参与和折扣性执行的行为策略。受这些行为策略的刺激,中小企业安全管理员产生自保、同情员工等心理,进而对应选择盲目追随、避责为先,一味顺从、不争权利,放宽要求、处罚宽松等行为策略,最终导致工作异化发生。

To explore the reasons for the work alienation of safety personnel in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises(SMEs),this study conducted in-depth interviews with 25 safety personnel.Then,following the grounded theory procedure,the author made an in-depth analysis of the interview data through open coding,axial coding,selective coding,and theoretical saturation test.Based on the"situation-process"analysis framework,the theoretical model of the formation mechanism of safety personnel work alienation in SMEs was constructed.The study also analyzed the impact of relevant factors on the alienation of work among safety personnel.The research results indicate that the behavioral logic of local emergency management departments is to pursue political achievements.Due to the weak foundation of the enterprise in external situations,as well as their limited capacity and the embodiment of inspection authority in internal situations,they adopt a behavioral strategy of formal regulation and vague accountability.The behavioral logic of SMEs leaders is an economic priority.Due to weak safety supervision and direct safety benefits in external situations,as well as weak self-awareness in internal situations,they prefer taking reactive management and superficial support behavior.The behavior of employees in SMEs is aimed at seeking benefits,so they adopt symbolic participation and discounted execution strategies.Their behavior is mainly influenced by the weak external safety atmosphere,high production goals,and low personal safety literacy.Driven by the behavior logic of completing tasks,safety personnel in SMEs are affected by the negative behaviors of these subjects and have the psychology of self-protection,fear of retaliation,and sympathy of employees.As a result,they blindly follow and force responsibility first when dealing with the local emergency management department.Besides,they also adopt the behavior strategy of blindly obeying and not competing for power towards leaders in SMEs,and relaxing requirements or punishments among employees.These behaviors of safety personnel in SMEs eventually lead to the formation of work alienation.