老年人驾驶暴露行为影响因素交互作用分析

Interaction analysis of influencing factors of driving exposure behavior in the elderly

年龄增长带来的身体机能衰退迫使老年人调整驾驶行为,自我调节作为补偿老年人健康状况和降低驾驶风险的策略,能够有效延长驾驶时间和降低驾驶风险。为探究老年人个人生理心理因素和社会环境因素对自我调节中驾驶暴露行为的影响,设计问卷并在昆明市开展调查,回收老年人出行调查问卷后对问卷数据进行分析处理,采用Cronbachα信度系数、KMO测度值和验证性因子检验问卷信度效度。统计分析发现,不同年龄段和就业情况的老年驾驶人在驾驶暴露行为上存在显著差异,病史和药物服用会影响老年人驾驶暴露行为,老年人对短距离的频繁出行更有信心。通过构建中介效应分析和结构方程模型探究老年驾驶人驾驶暴露行为影响因素,结果表明:年龄与驾驶暴露行为(r=-0.157^(**),p<0.05)呈显著负相关,驾驶能力与驾驶暴露行为(r=0.182^(**),p<0.05)呈显著正相关;驾驶能力在社会支持和驾驶暴露行为之间起完全中介作用。

The declining physical abilities of elderly individuals lead them to ensure driving safety by reducing the frequency and distance of driving trips.To investigate the influencing factors and mechanisms of reduced driving among elderly drivers,this study analyzed the factors affecting the driving exposure behavior of elderly drivers at both individual physiological and psychological levels and social environmental levels and proposed reasonable hypotheses.The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested using Cronbach sαcoefficient,KMO,and validation factors.The results show that the questionnaire has good convergent and structural validity with a Cronbach sαcoefficient of 0.766 and a KMO of 0.841.The statistical analysis of the responses reveals that older drivers aged 65 and above exhibit less driving exposure compared to those aged 6065,and retired elderly drivers show less driving exposure compared to working elderly drivers.Additionally,elderly drivers with a medical history or medication use have more low driving exposure behavior.They also demonstrate more confidence in frequent trips over short distances compared to less confidence in sporadic long-distance trips.The study constructed a mediating effect and structural equation model based on five dimensions,including medical history,medication use,driving confidence,social support,and driving ability,to explore the influencing factors and mechanisms of elderly driving exposure behavior.The results indicate that age has a significant negative effect on driving exposure behavior(r=-0.157**,p<0.05),while driving ability has a significant positive effect on driving exposure behavior(r=0.182**,p<0.05).It was found that driving ability had a mediating effect on medication use and driving exposure behavior and a full mediating effect on social support and driving exposure behavior.Driving ability also has a direct effect on driving exposure behavior,while medical history has an indirect effect on driving exposure behavior through the mediating variables of drug use and driving ability,and driving confidence has an indirect effect on driving exposure behavior through the mediating variables of social support and driving ability.The results of the study can provide theoretical support for the driving behavior of elderly individuals and contribute to the theoretical research on the safety of elderly drivers.