地铁站办公区细颗粒物之金属特性分析及工作人员健康暴露水平分析

Analysis of metal characteristics of fine particles in subway station work area and exposure levels of staff

为了研究地铁站办公区PM_(2.5)的特征和工作人员的暴露水平,选择3种不同类型的地铁站进行采样和分析。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,ICP MS)分析PM_(2.5)样本中的22种元素,利用微环境模型对地铁站工作人员的PM_(2.5)及元素质量浓度暴露水平进行评估,并与普通室内工作人员进行对比。结果显示,办公区PM_(2.5)质量浓度普遍高于室外,超过了世界卫生组织给出的指导值。办公区PM_(2.5)金属元素富集明显,地铁工作人员每天暴露于Fe、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co等金属元素的日暴露剂量明显高于普通室内工作人员,地铁站办公区的空气质量应引起关注。

To study the characteristics of PM_(2.5) in the work area of the subway station and the exposure of staff,three different types of subway stations were selected for sampling and analysis.The 22 elements in PM_(2.5) samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP MS),and the exposure level of PM_(2.5) and elements of subway station workers was evaluated by using the microenvironment model,and compared with that of ordinary indoor staff.The results show that the concentration of PM_(2.5) in the work area is generally higher than that in the outdoor,which exceeds the guidance value given by the World Health Organization.The PM_(2.5) metal elements in the work area are significantly enriched,with Fe being the highest concentration element,with element concentrations ranging from 3.2μg/m 3 to 13.1μg/m 3,which is 3 to 12 times higher than the outdoor.The I/O rations of Fe element are 3.112.5,and the I/O rations of Co,Mn,Ni,Cu,and V metal elements are 1.06.0,1.34.0,1.83.4,1.42.9,1.02.9,respectively.The mass concentration of Fe element accounts for 11%~26%of the PM_(2.5) mass concentration in the work area,but only 2%of the outdoor PM_(2.5).The mass concentration of crustal elements accounts for 4%to 12%of the PM_(2.5) mass concentration in the work area and 10%of the outdoor PM_(2.5),with no significant difference.The proportion of trace element mass concentration to the PM_(2.5) mass concentration is almost the same as outdoor,about 1%.The daily exposure dose of subway workers to Fe is 25 times that of ordinary indoor workers,and the daily exposure dose of metal elements such as Mn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Co is also significantly higher than that of ordinary indoor workers.For subway workers,although their working hours only account for one-third of the day,they contribute 78%of their daily Fe exposure,61%of their daily Co exposure,58%of their daily Mn and Cu exposure,and 52%of their daily Ni exposure.Attention should be paid to the air quality in the work area of subway stations.