管理科学与工程专业建模优化实践课程建设探索

进入数字经济时代,业界将运筹优化技术更广泛地应用于生产和管理中,对管理科学与工程类专业学生的建模与优化的实践能力提出更高要求。该文分析我国管理科学与工程学科排名前50高校的相关专业培养方案,发现大部分学校侧重运筹学理论基础的教学,缺少建模与优化的实践课程。该文从业界需求和运筹学课程体系建设出发,结合教学实践,讨论建模优化实践课程的建设目标、课程内容、教学方法。建模优化实践课程的内容包括优化软件(通用求解器)的使用、管理科学与工程常见优化问题的建模,以及求解优化模型的精确/启发式算法;采用课堂上机练习、课程报告等方式,促使学生较快上手优化软件,提升学生发现优化问题、建立优化模型、编程求解模型的能力。通过建模优化实践课程的建设,形成管理科学与工程专业运筹优化类课程“基础理论+应用实践”的培养模式,弥合数字经济时代业界人才需求与高校人才培养之间的差距。

In the era of digital economy,the industry has applied optimization technology more widely in production and management,which requires higher practical ability of modeling and optimization on the students in management science and engineering.This paper analyzes the training programs of the top 50 universities in management science and engineering in China,and finds that most of them focus on the teaching of theoretical basis of operations research,and lack practical courses of modeling and optimization.Based on the needs of the industry and the construction of operational research curriculum system,combined with teaching practice,this paper discusses the construction objectives,course content and teaching methods of modeling and optimizing course.The course covers the use of optimization software(general-purpose solvers),modeling of common optimization problems in management science and engineering,and accurate/heuristic algorithms for solving optimization models.By means of computer exercises in class and course reports,students are encouraged to master the optimization software,discover optimization problems,establish optimization models,and solve the models.Through the construction of modeling and optimization course,the training model of"basic theory+application practice"in operational research curriculum system is formed,which bridges the gap between the talent demand of the industry and the talent training of colleges and universities in the digital economy era.