数字红利还是数字鸿沟——性别视角下数字经济对就业的影响研究

Digital dividend or digital divide—The impact of the digital economy on employment from a gender perspective

近年来,中国劳动参与率逐年下降,数字经济的迅猛发展对劳动力市场产生深远影响。基于2012—2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,文章考察了数字经济发展对个体就业以及不同性别间的就业差距的影响。研究发现,数字经济的发展促进了个体就业,同时也扩大了性别就业差距。进一步分析发现,数字经济主要是促进了低技能劳动力的就业,并对男性的促进作用高于女性,扩大低技能劳动力的性别就业差距;数字经济促进了无抚养负担的女性就业和有抚养负担的男性就业,扩大了有抚养负担个体的性别就业差距和缩小了无抚养负担个体的性别就业差距。

In recent years,the labor participation rate in China has been decreasing annually,while the rapid development of the digital economy has had an impact on the labor market.This study utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies(2012—2020)to em-pirically examine the effect of the digital economy on individual employment and the employment gap between different genders.The re-search finds that the development of the digital economy significantly promotes individual employment.However,it also widens the gender employment gap,leading to a gender digital divide.Specifically,the digital economy exacerbates the gender employment gap among low-skilled labor and labor with caregiving responsibilities.