“创伤性”文化记忆与“疗愈式”文学想象

Traumatic Cultural Memory and Therapeutic Literary Imagination

本文以美国犹太作家辛格的《冤家,一个爱情故事》和德国作家施林克的《生死朗读》为研究对象,探究创伤运作机制下关于纳粹大屠杀历史的文学想象性呈现。创伤理论建基于精神分析学和社会学,重点观照集体无意识下的历史访问模式或强迫症式个体记忆机制,可为我们理解历史与现实、记忆与遗忘、沉默与发声、创伤与创造等多重纠葛关系提供新视角、新方法和新洞见。两部作品书写个体在历史灾难中遭受的身体和精神创伤,揭示了大屠杀浩劫中犹太民族和德国民族经受的创伤效应。关于纳粹大屠杀的创伤书写既是个体表达,又是纷繁复杂的社会建构。两部作品从不同视角和维度检视和反思后大屠杀时代美德社会心理与文化思潮,尤其是美国犹太人的身份焦虑、美国社会进步式和悲剧式叙事、德国人的集体耻辱,以及欧美文化对传统宗教和道德哲学的普遍怀疑。无论过去、现在还是未来,面对宗教、政治、文化仇恨和冲突造成的种种个体和集体创伤,不同文化群体之间进行谈判、对话、磋商和合作,这可能是最审慎、最可取、最富建设性的文化选择和文化参与。

This thesis makes a comparative study of two internationally acclaimed texts of Holocaust literature,American Jewish writer Issac Beshevis Singer’s Enemies,A Love Story and German writer Bernhard Schlink’s The Reader,exploring the Literary Imaginary Presentation of the History of the Nazi Holocaust under the Mechanism of Trauma Operations.The trauma theory is based on psychoanalysis and sociology,with a focus on observing the collective unconscious historical access mode or obsessive-compulsive individual memory mechanism,which can provide new perspectives,methods,and insights for us to understand the multiple entangled relationships between history and reality,memory and forgetting,silence and voice,trauma and creation.Both texts depict the physical and mental trauma suffered by individuals in historical disasters,revealing the traumatic effects experienced by the Jewish and German nations during the Holocaust.The trauma of the Nazi Holocaust is both an individual expression and a complex social construction.Both texts examine and reflect on the social psychology and cultural trends of virtues in the post-Holocaust era from different perspectives and dimensions,especially the identity anxiety of American Jews,the progressive and tragic narrative of American society,the collective shame of Germans,and the widespread skepticism of traditional religion and moral philosophy in European and American cultures.Whether in the past,present,or future,facing various individual and collective traumas caused by religious,political,cultural hatred and conflicts,negotiating,dialogue,consultation,and cooperation between different cultural groups may be the most prudent,desirable,and constructive cultural choice and participation.