从“小敌之坚,大敌之擒”谈兵法活学活用

On the Active Learning and Application of Military Strategy from the Perspective of“Though an Obstinate Fight May Be Made by a Small Force,in the End It Must Be Captured by the Larger Force”

孙子“小敌之坚,大敌之擒”这句话,揭示了大胜小、多胜少、强胜弱、优胜劣的一般战争规律。然而,现实中,弱小的一方未必不能坚守力战,也未必会被强大的一方所擒。这些都要具体问题具体分析。很多时候,弱小的一方也可以战胜强大的一方。究其原因,弱小的一方真正做到了“坚”,比如通过利用有利地形、依靠人民群众、军队上下一心、灵活使用战略战术、打击敌人关键薄弱环节等,形成局部绝对优势,最终实现以一当十、四两拨千斤的效果。因此,学习兵法,一定要活学活用,既要研究用兵的一般规律,还要研究用兵的特殊规律,后者尤为重要。能不能打胜仗,就要看指挥员能不能结合实际情况,发挥聪明才智,因敌制胜,如果脱离敌情我情,照搬照用兵法,则必败无疑。

Sun Tzu’s statement of“though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force,in the end it must be captured by the larger force”reveals the general law of war,which is to achieve great victories with the big against the small,the more against the less,the strong against the weak,and the superior against the inferior.However,in reality,the weak side may not be unable to hold on and fight fiercely,nor may they be captured by the strong side.These all require specific problems should be analyzed specifically.Frequently,the weak side can also defeat the strong one.The reason is that the weak side has truly achieved“obstinate fight”,such as by utilizing favorable terrain,relying on the people,the unity of the army,flexible use of strategic tactics,attacking key weak links of the enemy,forming a local absolute advantage,and ultimately achieving the effect of using one soldier as ten soldiers and four ounces can move a thousand pounds.just as Sun Tzu said in Void and Actuality Chapter,“even if the enemy is numerically stronger,I can prevent him from engaging”.Therefore,when learning military science,it is necessary to read and apply it flexibly,not only to study the general laws of military application,but also to study the special laws,the latter of which is particularly important.Whether commanders can win a battle depends on whether they can combine their intelligence with the actual situation and win based on the enemy’s situation.If they are detached from the actual situation of both sides and apply military tactics inflexibly,they will undoubtedly be defeated.