超临界CO_(2)萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析植物精油成分——仪器分析综合实验教学改革

Analysis of Plant Essential Oils by Supercritical CO_(2)Extraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry:An Instrumental Analysis Comprehensive Experiment Teaching Reform

气相色谱-质谱分析植物精油成分是我院“现代化学实验与技术(仪器分析部分)”的本科综合实验,以往采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取植物精油,存在提取率低、溶剂残留、工艺时间长等问题。超临界CO_(2)萃取是先进的绿色萃取技术,对于天然产物中有效成分提取有较大优势。本实验通过超临界CO_(2)萃取提取柑橘精油,并与传统水蒸气蒸馏法比较,共提取精油成分106个组分,各类成分相对含量从高到低的顺序是萜烯、醛、酸、酯、酮和醇类,其中萜烯类成分为89.55%。采用超临界CO_(2)萃取技术处理样品,可以让学生了解更多新型样品前处理技术,提高学生的实验技能、研究和创新思维,减少实验时间,减少有毒试剂使用,进行绿色实验教学。

The analysis of plant essential oil components using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)serves as an integral component of modern chemical experiment and technology(instrumental analysis part)for undergraduates in our college.The conventional approach of steam distillation for extracting plant essential oil suffers from limitations such as low extraction rate,solvent residue and extended processing time.Supercritical CO_(2)extraction,an advanced green extraction technology,offers considerable advantages for the isolation of bioactive constituents from natural plants and animals.In this experiment,citrus essential oil was extracted using supercritical CO_(2)extraction and compared with traditional steam distillation method.A total of 106 essential oil components were isolated using supercritical CO_(2)extraction,with the following distribution in terms of relative content:terpenes,aldehydes,acids,esters,ketones and alcohols,among which terpenes accounted for 89.55%.The incorporation of supercritical CO_(2)extraction technology into the laboratory syllabus not only enriches students’understanding of advanced sample preparation methods but also enhances their practical skills,research acumen,and innovative thinking.Furthermore,this technology streamlines experiment timeline,reduces the use of hazardous reagents,and promotes green experiment teaching.