城市更新中一个村集体的转型

Village Collectives Transformation in the Urban Renewal of China

对T市一个城中村社区改造历时六年的跟踪调查,呈现了在城市更新和土地使用权转换中,一个城中村集体是如何变形的。研究发现,面临征地改造的城中村村民主动托庇于村集体,期望集体能够保障自己的利益;在更新改造完成之后,仍然把原本可以分割的集体物业和个人物业交给村集体管理。这使村集体能够以不同的新形式保存下来,完成从村委会、合作社到村股份公司的转变。同时村集体原有的土地权转换没有彻底完成,村集体仍然以股份有限公司的形式代管集体用地及其上的物业,并主持这些物业的收益分配。对应中国社会学家曾经提出城市更新使村落终结的论断,文章提出,村集体依然是村民观念中赖以抵抗外来冲击的最重要屏障,这种信任来源于家族同地而居构成的复杂关系与历史经验,只要这个复杂关系网在某种程度上仍然存在,村落就不会随城市更新式现代化改造而消失。

Based on six years of fieldwork conducted in a community of villages in City T,this paper explores the transformation of a village collective from being alienated families to becoming a cooperative that shares resources among villagers.This transformation occurs within the context of urban renewal and land conversion,where the village collective faces economic development limitations.The findings suggest that the village collective has adapted by assuming new forms,as its members are not inclined to fully integrate into the city's regular market.Simultaneously,the process of land conversion remains incomplete,as the village collective can still exercise control over new properties following the city's renewal.Therefore,this paper argues that urbanization for the local population is a segmented-diversity process.The sustainability of the village collective is reliant on complex family networks and further strengthened through the distribution of collective benefits.