老年慢病住院患者口腔衰弱现状及影响因素分析

Current situation and influencing factors of oral frailty in the elderly hospitalized patients with chronic diseases

目的调查老年慢性病住院患者口腔衰弱(Oral Frailty,OF)的现状,并分析其影响因素。方法2023年3月至7月就诊于芜湖市某两所三级甲等医院的患有慢性病且住院治疗的388例老年患者(年龄≥60岁)为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查。采用多因素二元Logistic回归分析老年慢病住院患者的口腔衰弱相关影响因素。结果本次共发放问卷420份,共回收有效问卷388份,回收有效率为92%。本次研究中老年慢病住院患者口腔衰弱发生率为30.4%,有、无口腔衰弱者在电子健康素养、社会支持、性别、文化程度、年龄、今年住院次数、每周锻炼次数、饮食类型、饮食口味等方面,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年慢病住院患者口腔衰弱发生率较高,应重点关注女性、低文化水平、高龄、多次住院的病人、每周锻炼次数少或不锻炼、饮食以荤菜为主和嗜咸、辛辣油腻口味及电子健康素养较低、社会支持程度低的老年住院慢病患者的口腔健康状况,以期采取针对性的干预措施,降低老年慢病住院患者口腔衰弱的发生率。

Objective To investigate the current situation of oral frailty(OF)in the elderly hospitalized patients with chronic diseases and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 388 elderly patients(aged≧60 years)who had chronic diseases and were hospitalized at two tertiary hospitals in Wuhu City from March to July 2023.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors related to OF in the elderly hospitalized patients with chronic diseases.Results A total of 420 questionnaires were distributed this time,and 388 valid questionnaires were collected,with a recovery effectiveness rate of 92%.The incidence of OF in hospitalized elderly patients with chronic diseases was 30.4%.The differences were statistically significant in terms of gender,educational level,age,number of hospitalizations this year,number of weekly exercises,dietary type,dietary taste,electronic health literacy,and social support(P<005).Conclusion The incidence of OF in elderly hospitalized patients with chronic diseases is relatively high.Special attention should be paid to the oral health status of elderly hospitalized patients with chronic diseases,such as women,low educational levels,elderly patients who have been hospitalized multiple times,those who exercise less or no exercise per week,have a preference for salt,spicy and greasy flavors,and those with electronic health literacy and social support,in order to adopt intervention measures,reduce the incidence of OF in hospitalized elderly patients with chronic diseases.