英国Ofcom机构沿革与广播电视监管职权探究——兼论对我国广电通信领域监管的启示

Research on the Evolution of Ofcom and the Regulation on Broadcasting:Reference for the Supervision of China's Broadcasting and Communications

Ofcom是英国广电通信领域的独立规制机构,其前身都是政府职能部门,但缺乏强有力的协调机制,导致“政出多门”与监管空白同时存在。Ofcom成立后对英国广播电视、通信和邮政服务等业务进行统一归口管理,特别是对广播电视的许可审批、频率规划、节目内容投诉等业务进行优化整合,实现机构精减、效率提升。这一“超级监管机构”的改革举措和监管经验有值得借鉴之处。

Office of Communications is an independent regulatory agency of the UK,which regulates TV,radio,and video-on-demand sectors,fixed-line telecoms,mobiles,postal services,and the airwaves over which wireless devices operate.Ofcom’s forerunners all were functional sections of government,however,they lacked a strong coordination mechanism and ran into polyarchy and supervision vacancies.After its establishment,Ofcom has carried out unified centralized supervision of British radio,television,communications,and postal services,specially optimized and integrated radio and television licensing,frequency planning,program content complaints,and other businesses,simplifying the government organizations and improving efficiency.The reform measures and regulatory experience of this super-regulatory agency are worth learning from.