后台前置:美国情报透明原则的发展、实践及启示

Back Stage Switching Over to the Front:Development,Practice and Enlightenment of the Principle of American Intelligence Transparency

[研究目的]美国情报透明原则将情报活动的制度规范和操作流程从“后台”搬到“前台”,这种公开范式的转变不仅能预防情报权力的滥用,还能挽回因“斯诺登事件”丢失的社会信任。因此,分析和总结美国情报透明原则对我国情报制度建设具有现实意义。[研究方法]通过对冷战以后美国情报部门官方发布的与情报透明有关的文件进行文本分析,总结归纳出美国情报透明原则的宏观样态和微观实践的特点。[研究结论]新范式下的美国情报透明原则以互动共享为核心,目的是维护情报活动的正当性,具体行动上针对不同受众采取差异化措施。我国应吸取美国在情报公开方面的有益经验,从完善运行机制、搭建参与路径、打造国际形象等方面完善情报政策,展示出我国情报理念和手段的法治化、程序化进程。

[Research purpose]The principle of transparency in intelligence in the United States has shifted the institutional norms and operational processes of intelligence activities from the"backend"to the"frontend".This shift in openness paradigm not only prevents the abuse of intelligence power,but also restores the social trust lost due to the"Snowden incident".Analyzing and summarizing the principle of transparency in intelligence in the United States has practical significance for the construction of China's intelligence system.[Research method]Through textual analysis of documents related to intelligence transparency officially released by the US intelligence service after the Cold War,the macro patterns and micro practical characteristics of the US intelligence transparency principle are summarized.[Research conclusion]The principle of transparency in US intelligence under the new paradigm focuses on interactive sharing,with the aim of maintaining the legitimacy of intelligence activities and adopting differentiated measures targeting different audiences in specific actions.China should draw on the beneficial experience of the United States in intelligence disclosure,improve its intelligence policies from aspects such as improving operational mechanisms,building participation pathways,and creating an international image,and demonstrate the process of legalization and proceduralization of China's intelligence concepts and methods.