聚酯织物碱减量和染色废水中纤维微塑料的赋存特征

Occurrence characteristics of fibrous microplastics in wastewater from alkali deweighting and dyeing process of polyester fabric

合成纤维纺织品释放的微塑料是海洋中初级微塑料的主要来源,其中聚酯纤维是最常见的纤维微塑料之一。为了解聚酯织物染色加工环节纤维微塑料的排放特征,分析了聚酯印染加工企业的碱减量和染色环节废水的消解条件、纤维微塑料的丰度、形态及尺寸。结果表明,当双氧水质量分数为30%、消解温度为60℃时可对碱减量和染色环节的废水进行消解处理,且不影响聚酯纤维微塑料。两个环节废水中纤维微塑料的平均尺寸分别为557.3和671.9μm,主要分布在0~800μm,符合聚酯纤维微塑料的特征。碱减量和染色环节的废水中纤维微塑料的丰度分别为1200和360个/L,表明前处理环节烧碱刻蚀会产生大量纤维微塑料。碱减量和染色环节废水微塑料的污染负荷指数分别为2.2和1.2,其污染风险分别属于重度污染和中度污染。

The fibrous microplastics(MPs)released from synthetic fiber textiles are the most predominant source of primary microplastics in the ocean,among which polyester fiber is one of the most common fibershaped MPs in the ocean.In order to understand the emission characteristics of fibrous MPs released from the dyeing and printing procedure of polyester fabric,alkali deweighting and dyeing wastewater is collected to analyze the digestion conditions of printing and dyeing wastewater,and the abundance,shape and size of the fiber MPs.The results suggest that the wastewater of alkali deweighting and dyeing can be digested at 30%H_(2)O_(2) and 60℃without affecting the polyester fiber MPs.Fibrous MPs of sizes with 0-800μm account for the largest proportion in the size distribution,and the average size is 557.3 and 671.9μm,respectively.The abundance of fibrous MPs released in the two procedures is 1200 and 360 n/L,respectively,indicating that sodium hydrate etching in the finishing process can cause the production of a large number of MPs.The pollution load index of alkali reduction and dyeing process wastewater microplastics is 2.2 and 1.2,respectively,and their pollution risks are severe pollution and moderate pollution,respectively.