基于TRIZ理论的圆柱波浪型刺梨采摘机设计与试验

Design and experiment of cylindrical corrugated pear picker based on TRIZ theory

为解决目前刺梨机械化采摘过程中损伤大、稳定性差、采摘效率受成熟度影响的问题,设计一种适应于山区作业环境的采摘机构。基于TRIZ理论对已设计出的耙型刺梨采摘机构进行功能组件系统分析,定位有害功能和过度功能,围绕采摘效率、运行稳定性、适应性三个指标,应用TRIZ理论标准解确定发明原理,再通过物场模型寻找问题的解决方案,设计圆柱波浪型采摘结构。应用ADAMS软件进行模拟仿真,验证设计的可行性,通过三个单体组合的背负式刺梨采摘机田间试验,结果表明:刺梨采净率为96.05%;采净率受到刺梨果成熟度影响不大;破损率为0.66%;采摘效率为11.22 kg/min,此设计可有效保证刺梨机械化采摘作业的有效性和可靠性,为新型高效低损采收机研究提供重要参考。

In order to solve the current problems of high damage,poor stability,and picking efficiency affected by maturity during the mechanized picking process of roxburghii,a picking mechanism adapted to the mountainous operating environment was designed.Based on the TRIZ theory,a functional component system analysis of the designed rake-type prickly pear picking mechanism was conducted to locate harmful functions and excessive functions.Focused on the three indicators of picking efficiency,operational stability and adaptability,the TRIZ theory standard solution was used to determine the invention principle.Then the cylindrical wave-shaped picking structure was designed by using the object field model to find a solution to the problem,ADAMS software was used for simulation to verify the feasibility of the design.Through the field test of the backpack-type pear picker with three monomer combinations,the results showed that the net harvesting rate of rhododendrons was 96.05%;the net harvesting rate was affected by the maturity of the rhododendron fruit.The impact was not significant,the breakage rate was 0.66%;the picking efficiency was 11.22 kg/min.This design effectively ensures the effectiveness and reliability of mechanized pear picking operations,and can provide an important reference for the research of new high-efficiency and low-damage harvesters.