马克思工艺思想的文本考释:一种有待重建的技术哲学

Textual Exegesis of Marx’s Technology Thought:A Philosophy of Technology to Be Reconstructed

马克思的“工艺学”几乎不为国内科技哲学界所知,其学术价值被严重低估,以至于“技术哲学的经验转向”充斥西方后现代话语,因此,重建马克思工艺学思想的经典话语权对当代技术研究是必要的。根据文献学的学术传统和技术哲学/史的分析规范来重新核查马克思工艺思想的文本形态,可以呈现马克思从对技术的抽象人本学分析到基于社会历史因素批判性考察具体技术问题的转变过程,同时也可以呈现作为作者的马克思的读者旨趣与认识论旨趣对立与统一的过程。另一方面,与主流工艺学不同,马克思工艺学是一个以资本批判和劳动解放为主旨的技术思想体系,但尚待完善与开发。一言以蔽之,马克思的技术哲学思想比传统习见要丰富得多,具有整理与重构的深远意义。

Due to the literature reasons,Marx’s technology thought is almost unknown to the domestic philosophy of science and technology,and its academic value is seriously underestimated,so that the“empirical turn of philosophy of technology”is full of Western postmodern discourse,and it is necessary to rebuild the classical discourse power of Marx’s technology thought for contemporary technology research.Based on the academic tradition of philology and the analysis norms of philosophy/history of technology,this paper re-examines the textual form of Marx’s technology thought:the technological writings,industrial exposition records,etc.,and on this basis forms the corresponding“technology notebooks”,“Citatenheft”and their related writings,etc.These texts show the process of Marx’s transition from the abstract humanistic analysis of technology to the critical examination of specific technical problems based on social and historical factors,as well as the process of the opposition and unity of Marx’s readers’interest and epistemological interest.Different from the mainstream technology thought,Marx constructed a system of technological thought with the critique of capital and the emancipation of labour as its main thrusts,but it has yet to be refined and developed.In a nutshell,Marx’s philosophical thought on technology is much richer than traditional idioms and thus needs to be rewritten and reconstructed.