梧州市毒蛇咬伤流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological investigation of venomous snakebite in Wuzhou City

目的调查梧州市辖区毒蛇咬伤的流行病学特征,为蛇伤防治提供依据。方法采用回顾分析方法,选取2014年1月至2018年12月梧州市中医医院和梧州市中西医结合医院收治的917例毒蛇咬伤患者作为研究对象,收集并统计致伤毒蛇种类、患者职业、致伤月份及地域、严重程度、疗效评定等资料,分析梧州市辖区毒蛇咬伤患者的流行病学特点。结果917例毒蛇咬伤患者中,致伤毒蛇种类以烙铁头蛇(30.86%)、竹叶青蛇(26.28%)和眼镜蛇咬伤(22.90%)为主。地域分布显示,梧州市与辖区的藤县、苍梧县、岑溪市的蛇伤病例相近。咬伤月份集中在夏、秋两季,其中以7~10月为高发月份,占59.54%。职业分布以农民最多,占71.43%。蛇伤严重度评分以轻度(72.08%)和中度(26.17%)为主,其中轻度的疗效评定以治愈(72.01%)为主,中度的疗效评定以好转(65.42%)为主,重度的疗效评定以好转(75.0%)为主。结论梧州市辖区主要致伤毒蛇种类为烙铁头蛇、竹叶青蛇和眼镜蛇,以夏秋两季发病高,受伤群体以农民为主,蛇伤患者的地域分布无明显差异,毒蛇咬伤整体严重程度以轻度、中度为主,疗效评定预后较好。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of venomous snake bites in Wuzhou city,and to provide evidence for snakebite prevention and control.Methods Retrospective analysis method was used to select 917 cases of venomous snake bite patients admitted to Wuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Wuzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2014 to December 2018 as research objects.Data such as species of venomous snakes,occupation of patients,month and region of injury,severity and efficacy evaluation were collected and analyzed.The epidemiological characteristics of venomous snake bite patients in Wuzhou district were analyzed.Results Among the 917 cases of venomous snakebites,the main types of venomous snakebites were Protobothrops mucrosquamatus(30.86%),Trimeresurus snake(26.28%)and Naja naja atra(22.90%).In the geographical distribution,the snake injury cases in Wuzhou were similar to those in Teng County,Cangwu County and Cenxi City.The snakebite months were concentrated in summer and autumn,with the highest incidence from July to October,accounting for 59.54%.The occupation distribution of farmers is the largest,accounting for 71.43%.The severity scores of snakebites were mainly mild(72.08%)and moderate(26.17%),among which the curative effect evaluation of mild wound was mainly cured(72.01%),the curative effect evaluation of moderate wound was mainly improved(65.42%),and the curative effect evaluation of severe wound was mainly improved(75.0%).Conclusion The main venomous snake species in Wuzhou city were Protobothrops mucrosquamatus,Trimeresurus and Naja naja atra.The incidence was high in summer and autumn,and the injured groups were mainly farmers.There was no significant difference in the geographical distribution of snakebite patients.