当事人宪法援引的实践考察与规范化路径

Practical investigation and standardization path of constitutional citation of parties involved

司法裁判中的宪法援引可有效回应社会层面对宪法实施的功能需求,进一步发挥宪法在治国理政中的重要作用。借助大数据分析,可以清晰地把握宪法援引案例的总体分布情况。通过类型化梳理,当事人的宪法援引方式包括罗列式、关联式、说明式和回应式,法院对不同援引方式的回应主要包括不予支持、纠正援引和认可援引。司法实践显示,对当事人的宪法援引有回应的必要,但法院的回应率相对较低。法院对当事人宪法援引的重视程度、规范化程度以及回应能力均需进一步提升。为此,应确立援引原则、明确回应情形、开展援引培训、制发指导性文件和案例,以推动宪法援引规范化发展,使其成为有迹可循的宪法实施方式。

The constitutional citation in judicial decisions can effectively respond to the functional demand for constitutional implementation at the social level,and further play the important role of constitution in the governance of China.By applying big data analysis,the overall distribution of constitutional citation cases can be clearly grasped.Through the typological summation,the constitutional citation methods of parties involved include enumeration,association,explanation and response,and the courts′responses to different citation methods mainly include not supporting,correcting,and approving the citation.Judicial practice shows that the constitutional citation of parties involved have the need to be responded,but the courts′response rate is relatively low.The courts′attention degree,standardization degree and responsiveness to the constitutional citation of parties involved should be further improved.Hence,principles of citation should be established,response situations should be clarified,training of citation should be conducted,and guidance documents and cases should be issued,so as to promote the standardized development of constitutional citation,and make it a traceable way of implementing the constitution.