杜甫《送远》“自送”说考论

The Research of the"Self-sending"Theory in Du Fu's poem Bid Farewell to a Friend Who will Go to a Distant Place

《送远》是杜甫于乾元二年(759)作于秦州的一首送别诗。自清代浦起龙在《读杜心解》中提出此诗乃杜甫自送后,引起后人广泛争论,讫无定论。事实上,《送远》并非杜甫自送。首先,杜甫《发秦州》明确交代其离开秦州的时间是半夜,并且杜甫寓所与其亲朋居住地的距离较远。其次,杜甫在离开秦州前已主动与挚友赞公辞别。因此,无论从时间角度,还是距离角度,杜甫亲朋半夜送别他的可能性微乎其微,实难形成《送远》中“亲朋尽一哭,鞍马去孤城”的局面。故此诗应解为送别他人为妥,这对于杜诗的释义及理解具有重要意义。

Bid Farewell to a Friend Who will Go to a Distant Place is a farewell poem written by Du Fu in Qinzhou in the second year of the Qian Yuan period(759 A.D.).Since Pu Qilong of the Qing Dynasty put forward the theory of"self-sending"in Du Fu Xin Jie,it has caused extensive debate by later generations and no conclusion has been reached.In fact,the peom didn't show sending Du Fu himself.First,Du Fu's Leave Qinzhou clearly explained that he left Qinzhou at midnight,and his residence was far away from the residence of his relatives and friends.Second,before leaving Qinzhou,Du Fu had taken the initiative to bid farewell to his friends.So,whether from a time perspective or a distance perspective,it is very unlikely that his friends and relatives would see him off at midnight,and it was difficult to form the situation of"relatives and friends cried,and I rode away from the isolated city"in Bid Farewell to a Friend Who will Go to a Distant Place.Therefore,this poem should be interpreted as a farewell to others,which is of great significance to the interpretation and understanding of Du Fu's poem.