欧盟航空碳排放交易体系:发展逻辑、适用困境与中国因应

EU Aviation Carbon Emissions Trading System:Development Logic,Application Dilemma and China's Response

航空碳减排是全球气候治理的重要议题之一。欧盟航空碳排放治理自上世纪起经历了长久的演进历程,在2003/87/EC号指令基础上修订而成的2023/958号指令反映出其最新动向,但仍保有域外适用的制度安排。观其生成进路,是缓解气候危机的现实逻辑、内外政策驱动的政治逻辑、破除双重“不可能三角”的价值逻辑共同作用的结果。察其推行现状,一方面因与国际航空碳抵消和减排计划(CORSIA)互不相容及规则公平性欠缺而存在合理性困境,另一方面因违反共同但有区别的责任原则、WTO规则及《芝加哥协定》而存在合法性困境,这增添了其融通国际航空碳排放治理的难度。基于这一背景,我国应当对外积极参与国际治理、妥善应对争端,对内健全国内碳市场、提升民航产业水平,以推动构建公正合理的国际航空碳排放治理体系。

Aviation carbon emission reduction is one of the important issues in global climate governance.EU aviation carbon emissions governance has experienced a long evolution since the last century,and Directive 2023/958,revised on the basis of Directive 2003/87/EC,reflects its latest trend,but it still maintains institutional arrangements for extraterritorial application.As to its generating route,it is the result of the realistic logic of easing the climate crisis,the political logic driven by domestic and foreign policies,and the value logic of breaking the double"impossible trinity".As to its application status quo,on the one hand,there is a rationality dilemma due to its incompatibility with CORSIA and the lack of fairness of the rules,and on the other hand,there is a legitimacy dilemma due to the violation of the principle of"common but differentiated responsibilities",WTO rules and the Chicago Agreement,which increases the difficulty of its integration into the international carbon emission governance for aviation.Based on this background,China should actively participate in international governance,properly settle disputes,improve the domestic carbon market and enhance the level of the civil aviation industry,so as to promote the construction of a fair and reasonable international aviation carbon emissions governance system.