大连某医院成年居民重症哮喘住院情况与气候变化相关性分析

Correlation analysis between hospitalization for severe asthmain adults and climate change in a hospital in Dalian

目的分析大连某医院成年居民重症哮喘住院情况与气候变化相关性。方法收集2022年1~12月大连地区附属新华医院住院的哮喘患者临床资料,根据重症哮喘诊断标准分为重症组与非重症组,肺功能仪检测患者第1秒用力呼气末容积(forced end expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)肺功能指标,生化分析仪检测血清白细胞计数、C反应蛋白水平;同期收集该地区气象因素资料,包括月均气温、湿度、风速与日照。采用Spearman相关性分析影响重症哮喘患者住院人数与气象指标的相关性。结果260例哮喘患者中重症哮喘153例,非重症哮喘107例。重症哮喘患者男性85例、女性68例;年龄集中在60~79岁,共94例,其次为50~59岁,26例;发病高峰时间在3~5月,分别为14、19、16例,其次为11至次年1月,分别为15、18、13例,6~10月住院人数较少。重症哮喘组FEV1、FEV1/FVC低于非重症哮喘组,白细胞计数、C反应蛋白水平高于非重症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大连地区月均气温1月开始上升,8月达到高峰,后逐渐下降,12月气温最低;月均湿度高峰在7~9月,月均风速高峰在11~12月,月均日照高峰在6~9月。Spearman相关性显示,重症哮喘月发病住院人数与月均日照时间、风速无关,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与月均气温和湿度呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大连某医院成年重症哮喘的住院人数随季节变化,在气温、湿度变化大的月份应更加关注,早期干预以预防重症哮喘发生。

Objective To explore the correlation between hospitalization for severe asthma and climate change among adult residents in Dalian.Methods Clinical data of asthma inpatients in Dalian Affiliated Xinhua Hospital from January to December 2022 were collected,and assigned into severe asthma group and non-severe asthma group according to the diagnostic criteria of severe asthma.Spirometer was used for the measurement of(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)and(forced vital capacity,FVC),and the serum white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level were measured by biochemical analyzer.Meantime,meteorological parameters including monthly average temperature,relative humidity,wind speed and duration of sunshine hours were also collected.Then Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to discuss the correlation between the number of hospitalizations for severe asthma and meteorological parameters.Results Of the 260 asthma patients,153 had severe asthma and 107 had non-severe asthma.There were 85 male and 68 female patients with severe asthma.The onset age distribution of severe asthma was concentrated at 60-79 years old,with 94 cases,followed by 50-59 years old(n=26).The peak time of onset in each year was from March to May,with 14,19 and 16 cases,respectively.The secondary peak was from November to January,with 15,18 and 13 cases,and there were fewer hospital admissions from June to October.FEV1 and FEV1/FVC values were smaller in severe asthma group than in non-severe asthma group,while the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels were higher than those in non severe asthma group(P<0.05).The average monthly temperature in Dalian began to rise in January,reached a peak in August,and then gradually dropped,with the lowest temperature in December.The monthly average humidity reached the peak from July to September.The monthly mean wind speed reached its peak from November to December.The monthly average sunshine reached its peak from June to September.Spearman correlation analysis denoted that the number of hospitalization for severe asthma was not correlated with average sunshine hours and wind speed(P>0.05),but was negatively correlated with average temperature and humidity(P<0.05).Conclusion The number of hospital admissions for severe asthma in Dalian varies with the seasons,therefore,early and active interventions are of great value in preventing severe asthma in months with high variations in temperature and humidity.