2020—2022年马鞍山地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行病学特征及急性加重影响因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and influencing factors of acute exacerbation in Ma′anshan Area in 2020-2022

目的研究马鞍山地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)流行病学特征,分析发生急性加重的影响因素。方法选取2020—2022年就诊于德驭医疗马鞍山总医院呼吸科的COPD患者1676例病例资料进行回顾性分析,根据患者有无发生急性加重分为稳定组和急性加重组,对比两组一般资料、COPD严重程度、肺部既往感染及合并低蛋白血症情况,采用logistic回归分析影响患者发生急性加重的影响因素。结果1676例COPD患者以男性(58.17%)及≥46岁(82.58%)为主,其中COPD急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)发生率为78.82%。logistic回归分析显示男性、≥46岁、吸烟量>400根/年、从事粉尘接触职业、COPD重及极重度、反复发生某新发传染病病毒感染、合并心血管疾病或低蛋白血症是造成COPD患者出现急性加重的危险因素。结论马鞍山地区近80%COPD患者中既往出现过急性加重,防治工作不容忽视,加强重点人群宣教及防治工作可有效降低AECOPD发生率,提高COPD患者整体预后。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in Ma′anshan Area and analyze the influencing factors of acute exacerbation.Methods The clinical data of 1676 patients with COPD who visited the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Deyu Medical Ma′anshan General Hospital from 2020 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into acute exacerbation group and stable group according to whether they had acute exacerbation or not,and the general information,severity of COPD,previous pulmonary infection and combined hypoproteinemia were compared between the two groups.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of acute exacerbation.Results A total of 1676 COPD patients were mainly male(58.17%)and≥46 years old(82.58%),of which the incidence of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)was 78.82%.Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex,≥46 years of age,smoking>400 cigarettes/year,occupational exposure to dust,severe and very severe COPD,recurrent new coronavirus infections,combined cardiovascular disease,or hypoproteinemia were risk factors for acute exacerbations in COPD patients.Conclusion Nearly 80%of COPD patients in Ma′anshan Area have previously experienced acute exacerbations,and prevention and treatment cannot be ignored.Strengthening the education and prevention of key populations can effectively reduce the incidence of AECOPD and improve the overall prognosis of COPD patients.