公园城市理念下公园绿地景观绩效评价研究

Study on Performance Evaluation of Greenery Landscape in Parks under the Concept of City of Parks

作为破解大城市病与建设人民城市的新模式,公园城市既是理想的城市发展模式,也是对田园城市、生态城市、山水城市、低碳城市等建设理论的新发展。通过引入景观绩效的研究方法,以景观绩效系列评价体系为参照,构建涵盖环境、社会、经济三个维度,17项一级因子和109项指标,适应于公园城市理念指导下的绿地景观绩效评价体系。以成都市天府新区兴隆湖公园为实证研究对象,选取了适用于综合公园,兼具科学性与适应性的13项一级因子、46项指标进行验证,结果表明:在环境绩效层面,兴隆湖公园系统优化了其土壤保护、雨洪管理、栖息地创造与净化空气等方面的核心功能;在社会绩效层面,兴隆湖公园娱乐社交、文化保护、健康生活、教育科普、风景质量、交通通达与使用公平等方面价值显著;在经济绩效层面,兴隆湖公园提升了本地区房价地价,带动了基础设施建设的迭代升级,实现了筑巢引凤。建设公园城市,在环境层面上,要积极打造“城在绿中、园在城中、城绿相融”的新层次,构建更加精细化的区域一体化生态绿色链。在社会层面上,要努力建设“景观化、景区化、可进入、可参与”的新高度,科学植入复合城市功能。在经济层面上,要坚持市场化导向,融汇多元化场景,激发数字化消费,以场景营城实现“园·业”共生,臻至“人、城、境、业”共荣、共治、共兴。

As a new model for solving the problems of big cities and building people's cities,park cities are not only an ideal urban development model,but also a new development of construction theories such as pastoral cities,ecological cities,landscape cities,and low-carbon cities.By introducing the research method of landscape performance and using the landscape performance evaluation system as a reference,a green space landscape performance evaluation system covering three dimensions of environment,society,and economy,with 17 primary factors and 109 indicators,is constructed to adapt to the guidance of the park city concept.Taking Xinglong Lake Park in Tianfu New District,Chengdu as the empirical research object,13 primary factors and 46 indicators suitable for comprehensive parks with both scientific and adaptive characteristics were selected for verification.The results showed that in terms of environmental performance,Xinglong Lake Park system optimized its core functions in soil protection,rainwater and flood management,habitat creation,and air purification;In terms of social performance,Xinglong Lake Park has significant value in entertainment and social interaction,cultural protection,healthy living,education and science popularization,scenic quality,transportation accessibility,and fair use;In terms of economic performance,Xinglong Lake Park has increased the local housing and land prices,driven the iterative upgrading of infrastructure construction,and achieved the goal of building nests and attracting phoenixes.To build a park city,at the environmental level,we should actively create a new level of"city in green,park in city,and city green integration",and build a more refined regional integrated ecological green chain.At the social level,efforts should be made to build a new height of"landscape oriented,scenic area oriented,accessible,and participatory",and scientifically implant composite urban functions.At the economic level,we must adhere to a market-oriented approach,integrate diverse scenarios,stimulate digital consumption,and achieve the symbiosis of"park and industry"through scenario based city management,achieving the common prosperity,governance,and development of"people,city,environment,and industry".