整合多因素影响的城市消防站布局优化实践

Practice of optimizing the layout of urban fire stations by integrating multiple factors

为了科学规划城市消防站的数量和空间位置,提高同等时间下对责任区域的覆盖率,保证应急救援的时效性,避免可能导致的更大程度人员伤亡和财产损失,本研究以《城市消防站建设标准》为依据,运用地理信息系统(GIS),增加危险化学品重点单位的权重,根据调研情况提出10 min内90%覆盖率为考量标准,充分考虑保留现有消防站同时建设新站的经济成本和不合理布局对消防救援人员健康造成的危害,进行城市消防站布局优化。据此思路,以包头市昆区为例开展实践研究,结果表明:昆区消防站布局优化后,在相同阻抗中断下,消防站可达区域面积和对责任区域覆盖率均有较大增长。因此,运用该思路开展城市消防站布局优化具有一定的科学性。

In order to scientifically plan the number and spatial lo⁃cation of urban fire stations,improve the coverage of responsibil⁃ity areas at the same time,ensure the timeliness of emergency res⁃cue,and avoid possible greater casualties and property losses,this study is based on the Urban Fire Station Construction Stan⁃dards,uses geographic information systems(GIS),increases the weight of key units of hazardous chemicals,and proposes a 90%coverage rate within 10 minutes as the consideration standard based on research results.It fully considers the economic cost of retaining existing fire stations while constructing new stations and the harm of unreasonable layout to the health of firefighting and rescue personnel,and optimizes the layout of urban fire stations.Based on this approach,a practical study was conducted using Kun District in Baotou City as an example.The results showed that after optimizing the layout of fire stations in Kun District,un⁃der the same impedance interruption,the area of fire stations that can be reached and the coverage rate of responsible areas have in⁃creased significantly.Therefore,applying this approach to opti⁃mize the layout of urban fire stations has certain scientific signifi⁃cance.