中药蝉蜕基原及拉丁学名考证

Textual Research on Original Animal of Cicadae Periostracum and the Latin Name of Original Animal

目的对蝉蜕基原、拉丁学名进行系统梳理和考证,提出基原拉丁学名商榷意见,为蝉蜕的深入研究和资源利用提供资料。方法通过查阅历代本草著作、法定药材标准、饮片炮制规范及文献资料,对蝉蜕基原、拉丁学名进行考证。结果蝉蜕在历代本草著作中基原为黑蚱,《中国药典》收载蝉蜕的基原与历代本草记载一致。《中国药典》记载黑蚱拉丁学名Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius,但C.atrata Fabricius也被学界广泛使用。自1947年以来,C.atrata Fabricius作为黑蚱的拉丁学名在国内外昆虫分类学界沿用至今,在收载生物DNA序列的GenBank等公共数据库中,C.atrataFabricius为黑蚱的唯一拉丁学名。结论经考证,《中国药典》中蝉蜕的基原黑蚱与历代本草所记载的蝉蜕基原相符。为便于国际学术交流及监管法规制定等,建议将C.atrata Fabricius作为蝉蜕基原的拉丁学名,C.pustulata Fabricius作为异名。

Objective To systematically sortout and analyze the origin animal of traditional Cicadae Periostracum(CP)and its Latin name.Moreover,reasonable suggestion for use of Latin name of CP original animal is raised in order to provide detailed information for basic research and development utilization of CP.Methods Chinese medicinal books,national and ministerial quality standards,processing standards of Chinese herbal medicine,as well as relevant literatures,were comprehensively reviewed and investigated for textual research of the origin animal of CP and its Latin name.Results The original animal of CP recorded in the material medica works in the past dynasties were confirmed as Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius according to the descriptions.In addition,the Latin name of CP original animal was recorded as C.pustulata in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition).But C.atrata was also widely used as another Latin name in lots of academic papers and books.Based on extensive textual research,it could be concluded that the legal origin of CP recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,C.pustulata was consistent with the original animal from ancient books.Compared with C.pustulata,C.atrata was used more commonly in entomological academia.Conclusion C.atrata as the origin of CP has been used since ancient times.For promoting academic cooperation and making quality standards of CP,it is suggested that C.atrata may be used as the Latin name of the original animal of CP,and C.pustulata should be considered as a synonym in various levels of quality standards in China.