公安行政强制措施的法律规制研究

Research on the Legal Regulation of Public Security AdministrativeCoercive Measures in Law Enforcement

公安行政强制措施的正确适用是衡量公安机关是否依法行政的重要指标之一。在长期的公安行政执法实践中,存在着公安行政强制措施种类设定标准较为模糊、立法层级不够清晰、名称不统一、程序规定不够完善等诸多困局,有必要坚持法律保留原则和法律优位原则,把公安行政强制措施通过《治安管理处罚法》立法的形式规制下来,作为公安行政执法中的主要法律依据;同时在立法过程中秉持谦抑审慎善意理念,最大限度保护当事人合法权益和人格尊严;坚持法律明确原则,明确公安行政强制措施的种类,降低办案民警对公安行政强制措施种类认识的错误率是对法律保留原则和法律优位原则的必要补充。当然,公安行政执法也要兼顾利益均衡,受我国公安机关警力不足的瓶颈制约,在数量庞大的治安行政案件面前,法律制度的设置和修订也必须兼顾行政权的高效运行,才能最终达到良法善治的社会效果。

The correct application of the public security administrative coercive measures is one of the important indicators to measure whether a public security bureau is administrating according to law.In the long-term practice of public security administrative law enforcement,there are many dilemmas,such as the types of public security administrative coercive measures are confused,the legislative subjects are pluralistic,the names are not unified,the procedures are not perfect,etc.,it is necessary to adhere to the principle of law reservation and the principle of priority of law,and to regulate the public security administrative coercive measures through the law of punishment for public security administration.At the same time,in the process of legislation,we uphold the concept of modesty,prudence and good faith,and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and their human dignity to the greatest extent,it is a necessary supplement to the principle of legal reservation and the principle of legal priority to reduce the error rate of police in understanding the types of public security administrative coercive measures.Of course,public security administrative law enforcement should also take into account the balance of interests.Restricted by the lack of police force in our public security organs,in the face of a large number of public security administrative cases,the establishment and revision of the legal system must also take into account the efficient operation of the executive power in order to finally achieve the social effect of good law and good governance.