未来空战全域火力场研究

All-domain fire field in future air combat

分析了未来穿透性制空(PCA)空战的发展趋势和制胜关键,针对PCA全平台隐身和分布式杀伤两大显著特征,首先,基于“以目标为中心”和“以载机为中心”2种全向攻击火控模式的有机融合和优势互补,在贯穿导弹射前、射后,覆盖多机、多弹、多目标的全时空域框架下,提出了从全局多层次视角反映协同空战多火力节点的动态和综合杀伤性能的穿透性制空全域火力场概念和设计原理,重新定义了基于截获概率及其全概率公式的空空导弹时变杀伤性能模型,并依此建立了单机火力场模型和双机火力场聚合模型;其次,通过引入场理论的“梯度、散度和旋度”3个度量指标,分别建立了火力场的空间分布、作用范围和偏转变化特性表征模型,并进行了相应的火力场仿真与特性分析;最后,初步探索了将全域火力场应用于全向攻击观察-判断-决策-行动(OODA)闭环的火控瞄准与操纵、单机隐身穿透掠袭式和双机编组协同攻击2种典型空战战术等场景的情况,证明了这一新质火控原理具备很好的技术优势和应用潜力。上述研究工作对于充分发挥新式武器装备性能,有效提高载机自由攻击和自由脱离能力,提升空战效能具有重要的作用;同时,可为将来空战分布式杀伤网的敏捷构建、杀伤链的动态组合和新型战术战法的分析等问题研究提供理论支撑和技术参考。

This paper analyzes the development trend and the key to success of Penetrating Counter Air(PCA)com⁃bat in the future,focusing on the two remarkable characteristics of full platform stealth and distributed killing of PCA.Firstly,based on the organic integration and complementary advantages of two fire control modes,“target-centered all-aspect attack”and“all-aspect attack of the launch platform”and the full-time airspace framework characterized by before/after shooting and coverage of multi-aircraft,multi-missiles and multi-targets,the concept and design principle of PCA all-domain fire field are proposed,which reflect the dynamic and comprehensive lethality performance of multifire nodes of coordinated air combat from a global multi-level perspective.The time-varying lethality performance model of air-to-air missiles based on the acquisition probability and its full-probability formula is redefined.Then,a single-machine fire field model and a dual-machine fire field aggregation model are established.Secondly,by introduc⁃ing the three physical concepts of“gradient,divergence and curl”of field,the characterization model of space distribu⁃tion,action range and deflection change characteristics of fire field are established,and the corresponding simulation and characteristic analysis of the fire field are carried out.Finally,two typical air-to-air combat tactics scenes of apply⁃ing the all-domain fire field to the aiming and manipulation,single-aircraft stealth penetration and two-aircraft coordi⁃nated attack in Observe-Orient-Decide-Act(OODA)closed loop fire control are explored.It is proved that this new fire control principle possesses good technical advantages and application potential.This research plays an important role in giving full play to the performance of new weapons and equipment and effective improvement of the capability of free attack and free escape and the effectiveness of air combat.It can also provide theoretical support and technical refer⁃ence for the agile construction of distributed kill net,dynamic combination of killing chain and analysis of new tactical methods for future air combat.