评估农林业适应气候变化的潜力:尼泊尔拉姆琼案例研究

Assessing the Potential of Agroforestry for Climate Change Adaptation:A Case Study from Lamjung,Nepal

农林系统具有多种效益,包括通过使用肥用树种来提高土壤质量,通过树冠改善小气候,以及生产薪柴和其他医药产品等森林产品以提高经济效益。农林复合经营有助于更好的土地管理、生计多样化和提高土地生产力。然而,政策制定者和其他利益相关方在农林业作为气候变化适应战略中作用的争辩却越来越多。本研究的目的是评估农林业作为气候变化适应战略的潜力。数据主要通过问卷调查从拉姆琼县Taksar的120名受访者中收集,采用卡方检验和二元logistic模型分析了影响气候变化适应策略的家庭选择因素。同样,通过访谈、讨论和观察以及后续的文件分析,对所获得的数据进行三角互证和验证。研究表明,农民采取了许多应对气候变化的策略,这些策略包括农牧多样化(71%)、使用改良作物品种、化肥和农药(73%)、农林复合经营(68%)、创收多样化(72%)、改变作物种植日期(57%)和复种措施(67%)等。从卡方检验和二元logistic模型中发现,“耕作经验”、“教育水平”、“农场规模”和“性别”对气候变化适应策略具有显著影响。农林复合经营具有不同的效益,如增加河流汇水(79.2%)、改善小气候(80.8%)、增加木材产品(71.7%)、提高粮食产量(83.3%)、改善牲畜健康和畜产品(77.5%)、提高土壤肥力(84.2%)和多样化生计选择(82.2%)。基于这些发现,该研究得出结论:农林复合经营是一种可以减少气候变化对当地环境影响的农业生产方法,推广和采用农林业可以帮助当地社区减少气候变化的影响。

Agroforestry systems present multiple benefits which include enrichment of soil quality via the use of fertilizer trees,provision of a micro climate due to tree canopies and generation of forest products such as firewood and other medicinal outputs.Agroforestry helps in better land management,livelihood diversification and to increase the land productivity.However,the debate on the role of agroforestry to help as a climate change adaption strategy has been increasing among the policy makers and other stakeholders.The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of agroforestry as a climate change adaptation strategy.The data were primarily collected from 120 respondents in Taksar of Lamjung District through questionnaire survey.A Chi-square test and binary logistic model were used to analyze the factors influencing household choice of adaptation strategies to climate change.Similarly,regular triangulation and verification of the obtained data were made through interviews,discussions and observations followed by the analysis of documents.The study reveals that the farmers adopt many strategies in response to climate change.These strategies include crop-livestock diversification(71%),use of improved varieties of crops,fertilizers and pesticides(73%),agroforestry(68%),diversification of income generating activities(72%),change in crop calendar(57%)and multiple cropping strategies(67%).From the Chi-square test and binary logistic model,it was found that“farming experience”and“educational level”along with“farm size”and“gender”have a significant role on climate change adaptation strategies.Agroforestry possesses different benefits like increased catchment for rivers(79.2%),improved micro-climate(80.8%),increased wood products(71.7%),increased food outputs(83.3%),improved livestock health and livestock products(77.5%),improved soil fertility rate(84.2%)and diversification of livelihood options(82.2%).Given the findings,the study concludes that agroforestry is an approach to agricultural production that can reduce the impacts of climate change on local environment.The major recommendation from this study is that promotion and adoption of agroforestry can help local communities as an adaptation option to climate change impacts.