气力辅助充种式花生精量排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Precision Seed Metering Device with Pneumatic Assisted Seed-filling for Peanut

针对花生播种向精准、高速方向发展过程中高速作业状态下花生种子充种效果差的问题,设计了一种气力辅助充种式花生精量排种器,重点设计了排种器排种盘结构和气力辅助充种结构。针对颗粒尺寸大、质量大的花生种子,通过对花生种子在排种器中堆积现象与充种时间进行分析,得出花生高速排种充种过程需增强充种性能,从而提高充种效率。通过对花生种子进行充种原理分析,阐明花生种子充种过程中种子与排种器的运动关系与受力关系,分析充种过程影响因素。通过设计带有导种槽的排种盘和带有辅助吹种型孔的辅助充种结构,分析计算排种盘吸种孔、导种槽的关键结构参数以及辅助吹种型孔参数与排列方式。以充种合格率和充种漏充率为指标,进行三因素三水平组合试验,对试验结果进行多元回归分析,以最优目标进行优化,确定排种盘最佳参数组合为排种器吸种负压5.156 kPa、花生高速播种机前进速度8.007 km/h、扰动吹种正压1.149 kPa,此时,花生充种合格率为95.84%、漏充率为4.06%,能够实现花生种子有效充种。

In order to solve the problem that peanut seed filling effect is poor under the condition of high speed operation in the process of peanut planting to precision and high speed,a kind of pneumatic assisted seed-filling precision seed metering device was designed,specially,the structures of planter plate and pneumatic assisted seed-filling device were mainly designed.For peanut seeds with large particle size and mass,by analyzing the phenomenon of peanut seed accumulation in the seed metering device and the filling time,it was concluded that the peanut high-speed seed discharging and filling process needed to enhance the filling performance,so as to improve the filling efficiency.Through analyzing the principle of peanut seed filling,the relationship between the movement and force of seeds and seed metering device in the seed filling process of peanut seeds was clarified,and the influencing factors of the seedfilling process were analyzed.The key structural parameters of the seed suction holes and seed guide slot of the seed metering device and the parameters and arrangement of the auxiliary seed blowing holes were analyzed and calculated by designing the seed metering device with seed guide slot and the auxiliary seed filling structure with auxiliary seed guide holes.Taking the qualified rate of seed filling and the leakage rate of seed filling as indexes,a three-factor and three-level combination test was carried out,and the test results were subjected to multivariate regression analysis to optimize with the optimal objective,and the optimal parameter combinations of seed planter plate were determined to be the negative pressure of seed suction in the seed metering device of 5.156kPa,the forward speed of the high-speed planter for peanut was 8.007km/h,and the positive pressure of disturbed blowing of seeds was 1.149kPa.In this case,the qualified rate of peanut seed filling was 95.84%,and the leakage rate of peanut seed filling was 4.06%,which could realize the effective seed filling of peanut seeds.