中高强度课堂体育锻炼对藏族初一年级学生心肺耐力和执行功能的干预效果

Intervention effects of moderate and high intensities of classroom physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function among junior grade one students in Tibetan

目的探讨不同强度课堂体育锻炼对高海拔地区藏族初一年级学生心肺耐力和执行功能的干预效果,为提高藏族青少年心肺耐力和执行功能水平提供参考和借鉴。方法2020年9—12月,选取西藏拉萨市某中学5个初一年级教学班的184名藏族中学生为研究对象,整群随机分为对照组(2个班共81名)和干预组(3个班共103名)。两组进行相同的教学计划,但干预组另进行12周,每周一、三、五各1次,共36次中高强度课堂体育锻炼干预。干预前和干预后通过20 m往返跑和Flanker实验范式、2-back实验范式、More-odd shifting实验范式分别进行心肺耐力和执行功能的抑制控制、刷新记忆、转换灵活性的测试,并对结果进行协方差分析,比较干预前后结果。结果干预后干预组学生最大摄氧量(VO_(2max))与对照组相比,提高了2.25 mL/(kg·min)(t=-3.89,P<0.01);干预组与对照组相比,抑制功能反应时降低了4.40 ms,刷新功能降低了196.06 ms,转换功能降低了92.72 ms(t值分别为2.98,4.82,3.21,P值均<0.05)。结论12周中高强度课堂体育锻炼干预对藏族青少年的心肺耐力和执行功能起到不同程度的改善效果。

Objective To explore the intervention effect of different intensity of classroom physical exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan first-grade-students at high altitude,so as to provide reference for improving the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan adolescents.Methods From September to December 2020,184 Tibetan students from five first-grade-classes in a middle school in Lhasa,Tibet,were randomly assigned into a control group(81 students in two classes)and an intervention group(103 students in three classes).Both groups followed the same teaching programme,but the intervention group received 36 sessions of moderate-to high-intensity classroom physical activity,one session per day,Monday,Wednesday and Friday,for 12 weeks.Before and after the intervention,cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function were tested by 20m round-trip running and Flanker’s experimental paradigm,2-back’s experimental paradigm,and More-odd shifting experimental paradigm for inhibitory control,refreshing memory,and switching flexibility,and the results were analysed by analysis of covariance(ANCOVA)to compare the results of the pre-and post-intervention periods.Results The maximum oxygen uptake(VO2max)of Tibetan first grade students in the intervention group increased by 2.25 mL/(kg·min)compared with the control group after the intervention(t=-3.89,P<0.01);the response time of the inhibitory function was reduced by 4.40 ms,that of the refreshing function by 196.06 ms,and that of the switching function by 92.72 ms in the intervention group compared with the control group(t=2.98,4.82,3.21,P<0.05).Conclusion The 12-week moderate-to high-intensity classroom physical activity intervention has different degrees of improvement effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Tibetan adolescents.