中等强度体操运动对5~6岁幼儿执行功能的影响

Effects of moderate-intensity gymnastics on executive function in children aged 5 to 6 years

目的探讨中等强度体操运动对5~6岁幼儿执行功能发展的影响,为幼儿执行功能的运动干预提供参考依据。方法从商丘某私立幼儿园整群随机抽取3个大班63名5~6岁儿童为试验对象,根据性别分层,采用随机数字表法将幼儿分为干预组(31人)和对照组(32人)。干预组进行每周3次,每次60 min,共12周的体操运动,并使用Polar H10心率带全程监控运动强度;对照组儿童在相同时间内在教室观看教育卡通片。试验前后对幼儿的抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性进行评估。结果干预前两组幼儿在抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性任务中的表现差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。协方差分析结果显示,干预组与对照组在抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性中的反应时[(782.88±24.29,805.13±23.74;719.90±119.99,833.55±177.87;1042.39±72.75,1091.29±49.42)ms]和准确性[(73.86±7.26)%,(67.02±8.22)%;(86.36±7.63)%,(80.50±9.39)%;(76.45±9.48)%,(69.59±7.66)%]差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为6.84,4.50,4.87,6.11,3.74,5.06,P值均<0.05)。干预效果呈现小到中等效应量(d=0.17~0.74)。结论中等强度体操运动对幼儿执行功能产生了小到中等效应的提升作用。未来研究设计可引入脑成像技术,以深入探究体操运动对幼儿大脑结构和执行功能的影响机制。

Objective The study aims to investigate the impact of moderate-intensity gymnastics on the development of executive function in children aged 5-6,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for exercise interventions targeting executive function.Methods A total of 63 preschool children,randomly seleted from 3 senior classes in a private kindergarten in Shangqiu,were randomly allocated to the intervention group(n=31)and control group(n=32).Children in the intervention group participated in 60-minute-gymnastics at a moderate intensity,three times per week,for a total duration of 12 weeks.Concurrently,myzone technology was utilized to monitor exercise intensity throughout the entire intervention period.Children in the control group maintained their regular activities.Inhibitory control(Flanker task),working memory(Empty house task),and cognitive flexibility(Dots task)were assessed before and after the experiment.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the performance of inhibitory control,working memory,and cognitive flexibility tasks between the two groups of children before intervention(P>0.05).The results of covariance analysis revealed significant differences in reaction time[(782.88±24.29,805.13±23.74;719.90±119.99,833.55±177.87;1042.39±72.75,1091.29±49.42)ms]and accuracy[(73.86±7.26)%,(67.02±8.22)%;(86.36±7.63)%,(80.50±9.39)%;(76.45±9.48)%,(69.59±7.66)%]across inhibitory control,working memory,and cognitive flexibility between the intervention group and the control group(F=6.84,4.50,4.87,6.11,3.74,5.06,P<0.05).The intervention effect exhibited modest effects(d=0.17-0.74).Conclusions Moderate-intensity gymnastics can make modest or moderate effect on improving children’s executive function.Brain imaging technology can be incorporated into future research designs to investigate the underlying mechanisms of gymnastics’impact on the brain structure and executive function in young children.