北京市中学生2018—2022年健康危险行为状况分析

Analysis of health risk behaviors among middle school students in Beijing City from 2018 to 2022

目的分析北京市中学生2018—2022年健康危险行为状况,为开展科学有效的干预提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,选取2018—2022年北京市16个区84712名中学生为研究对象,监测其健康影响因素数据,并采用χ^(2)检验比较不同组别学生健康危险行为差异,采用年度百分比变化率(APC)评价其变化趋势。结果2018—2022年5次调查中,中学生不良饮食行为、非故意伤害行为、故意伤害行为、物质滥用行为和网络成瘾行为(2018和2020年)报告率男生均高于女生(χ^(2)=4.91~297.52),缺乏锻炼行为报告率女生均高于男生(χ^(2)=56.49~160.88)(P值均<0.05);中学生不良饮食行为、缺乏锻炼行为、非故意伤害行为(2021年除外)、物质滥用行为、网络成瘾行为(2018和2019年)报告率均为职高最高、普高次之、初中最低(χ^(2)=23.30~1285.98),故意伤害行为初中最高、职高次之、普高最低(χ^(2)=96.18~378.32),网络成瘾行为(2020—2022年)报告率均为普高最高、职高次之、初中最低(χ^(2)=16.93~60.11)(P值均<0.01);中学生不良饮食行为、故意伤害行为(2020和2022年)、物质滥用行为(2018年除外)报告率郊区均高于城区(χ^(2)=6.70~117.56),缺乏锻炼行为、非故意伤害行为、故意伤害行为(2018和2019年)、网络成瘾行为报告率城区均高于郊区(χ^(2)=3.90~130.80)(P值均<0.05)。2018—2022年中学生非故意伤害行为、故意伤害行为、物质滥用行为和网络成瘾行为标化率均呈现出下降趋势(APC值分别为-14.16,-13.43,-16.03,-8.48;t值分别为-6.94,-4.46,-11.98,-4.36,P值均<0.05)。结论北京市2018—2022年中学生非故意伤害行为、故意伤害行为、物质滥用行为和网络成瘾行为均有改善,不良饮食行为和缺乏锻炼行为报告率较高且未出现下降趋势。应加强对中学生不良饮食行为和缺乏锻炼行为的干预,减少健康危险行为的发生。

Objective To analyze the status of health risk behaviors among middle school students in Beijing City from 2018 to 2022,in order to provide reference for scientific and effective intervention.Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method,data of student health and associated factors monitoring among 84712 middle school students from 16 districts of Beijing during 2018 to 2022 were compared regarding the differences of health risk behaviors among students in different groups by Chi-quare test.And their change trends were evaluated by annual percentage change(APC).Results In the five surveys during 2018 to 2022,reporting rates of unhealthy diet,unintentional injury,intentional injury,substance abuse and Internet addiction(only in 2018 and 2020)behaviors were higher in boys than in girls(χ^(2)=4.91-297.52,P<0.05).Reporting rate of physical inactivity behavior in girls was higher than that in boys(χ^(2)=56.49-160.88,P<0.05).Reporting rates of unhealthy diet,physical inactivity,unintentional injury(except 2021),substance abuse and Internet addiction(only in 2018 and 2019)behaviors were the highest in vocational high school,followed by general high school,and the lowest in junior middle school(χ^(2)=23.30-1285.98,P<0.01).Intentional injury behavior was highest in junior high school,followed by vocational high school,and lowest in general high school(χ^(2)=96.18-378.32,P<0.01).Reporting rate of Internet addiction(2020-2022)behavior was highest in general high school,followed by vocational high school,and lowest in junior high school(χ^(2)=16.93-60.11,P<0.01).Reporting rates of unhealthy diet,intentional injury(2020 and 2022)and substance abuse(except 2018)behaviors were higher in suburban areas than in urban areas(χ^(2)=6.70-117.56,P<0.05).Reporting rates of physical inactivity,unintentional injury,intentional injury(2018 and 2019)and Internet addiction behaviors were higher in urban areas than in suburban areas(χ^(2)=3.90-130.80,P<0.05).Standardized rates of unintentional injury,intentional injury,substance abuse and Internet addiction behaviors showed a statistically significant downward trend from 2018 to 2022(APC=-14.16,-13.43,-16.03,-8.48,t=-6.94,-4.46,-11.98,-4.36,P<0.05).Conclusions During 2018-2022,unintentional injury,intentional injury,substance abuse and Internet addiction behaviors of middle school students in Beijing City have improved,and the reporting rates of unhealthy diet and physical inactivity behaviors are high and don’t show a downward trend.Efforts should be made to strengthen intervention in unhealthy diet and physical inactivity behaviors among middle school students,in order to reduce the occurrence of health risk behaviors.