高中生健康素养水平及相关因素分析

Analysis of high school students’health literacy level and related factors

目的了解中国高中生健康素养水平及相关因素,为高中生健康促进工作提供科研证据。方法于2018年10月至2019年6月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,运用《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》对中国31个省8265名在校高中生的健康素养现状进行现场调查。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行单因素χ^(2)检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果中国高中生健康素养具备率为7.1%;3个维度素养具备率由高到低分别为基本技能(21.3%)、生活方式与行为(20.5%)、基本知识和理念(7.8%);6类健康问题素养具备率由高到低依次为基本医疗(88.3%)、健康信息(75.9%)、安全与急救(51.0%)、传染病预防(44.2%)、科学健康观(39.0%)和慢性病预防(5.5%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,民族、地区(中部/西部)、家庭居住地、学校类型、年级(高二/高三)和父亲学历是健康素养总体水平的相关因素(OR值分别为2.08,0.60/0.24,0.44,0.71,1.41/0.51,1.37,P值均<0.05)。结论中国高中生健康素养水平整体偏低,民族、地区、家庭居住地、学校类型、年级和父亲学历是中国高中生健康素养水平的相关因素。建议各级各部门针对学生健康素养的现实特点分类干预,进一步提升高中生健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the level of health literacy and influencing factors of Chinese general high school students,so as to provide scientific evidence for health promotion of high school students.Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct an on-site survey on the health literacy status of 8265 high school students in 31 provinces of China by using the National Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire from October 2018 to June 2019.SPSS 25.0 software was used to conduct one-way test and multifactor Logistic regression analysis of different demographic characteristics.Results The health literacy level of Chinese general high school students was 7.1%;the three dimensions of literacy were ranked in descending order as follows:basic skills(21.3%),healthy lifestyles and behaviors(20.5%),and basic knowledge and concepts of health(7.8%);and the literacy levels of the six categories of health issues,in descending order,were basic medical care(88.3%),health information(75.9%),safety and first aid(51.0%),infectious disease prevention(44.2%),scientific health concept(39.0%)and chronic disease prevention(5.5%).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity,region,family residence,school type,grade level,and father’s education were the factors influencing the health literacy level of Chinese high school students(OR=2.08,0.60/0.24,0.44,0.71,1.41/0.51,1.37,P<0.05).Conclusions The overall health literacy level of Chinese high school students is low,ethnicity,region,family residence,school type,grade level and father’s education are factors influencing the health literacy level of Chinese high school students.It is recommended that all departments at all levels focus on categorized governance to improve the health literacy level of high school students,taking into account the realities and characteristics of high school students’health literacy level.