大学生体力活动水平与抑郁症状关联的队列研究

Relationship between physical activity levels and depressive symptoms in college students:a cohort study

目的探究大学生体力活动水平与抑郁症状之间的纵向关联,为促进大学生身心健康提供参考依据。方法采用队列研究设计,于2017年在沈阳师范大学对1415名大学生进行基线调查,2018—2020年进行追踪调查,分别使用国际体力活动问卷-短卷(IPAQ-SF)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估大学生的体力活动与抑郁症状,根据基线体力活动水平(MET·h/周),受试者被分为T1组(≤36.4)、T2组(>36.4~89.3)、T3组(>89.3)。采用Logistic回归分析探索大学生基线体力活动水平与随访期间发生抑郁症状风险的关联。结果在2018—2020年累计有852名(60.2%)的受试者存在抑郁症状,T1、T2、T3组的抑郁症状人数分别为324,268,260人。调整人口统计学指标、生活习惯、健康相关因素以及基线抑郁症状等协变量后,二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,与T1的大学生相比,参与更多体力活动的大学生发生抑郁症状的风险更低,分别可降低34.2%[T2:OR值(95%CI)=0.658(0.500~0.866)]和38.9%[T3:OR值(95%CI)=0.611(0.465~0.804)](P值均<0.01)。体力活动水平与抑郁症状关联的性别分层分析结果显示,女大学生体力活动水平与抑郁症状发生率之间呈负相关,与T1相比,较高的体力活动水平可分别降低39.6%[T2:OR值(95%CI)=0.604(0.445~0.820)]和37.7%[(T3:OR值(95%CI)=0.623(0.459~0.846)]抑郁症状发生率(P值均<0.01);而在男大学生中,体力活动水平与抑郁症状的关联无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论大学生体力活动水平与抑郁症状呈负相关。学校应适当提高大学生体力活动水平,以降低抑郁症状的发生风险。

Objective To explore the association between physical activity levels and depressive symptoms among college students,so as to provide evidence for promoting physical and mental health of college students.Methods Using a cohort study design,a baseline survey of 1415 college students in Shenyang Normal University in 2017 followed for three years from 2018 to 2020.The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form(IPAQ-SF)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to evaluate the physical activity levels and depressive symptoms of college students.According to the level of physical activity at baseline(MET·h/week),participants were divided into three groups[T1(≤36.4),T2(>36.4-89.3)and T3(>89.3)].Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between baseline physical activity levels and the incidence of depressive symptoms during the school years.Results In the 3-year follow-up(2018-2020),852(60.2%)participants exhibited depressive symptoms.The numbers of individuals with depressive symptoms in the T1,T2,and T3 groups were 324,268,and 260,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that college students who participated in higher levels of physical activity decreased the risk of depressive symptoms by 34.2%[T2:OR(95%CI)=0.658(0.500-0.866)]and 38.9%[T3:OR(95%CI)=0.611(0.465-0.804)]compared with T1 group after adjusting for demographic,lifestyle,health-related factors,and baseline depressive symptoms as covariates.The sex-stratified analysis showed a negative correlation between physical activity levels and the incidence of depressive symptoms in female college students.Compared with T1 group,higher levels of physical activity reduced the incidence of depressive symptoms by 39.6%[T2:OR(95%CI)=0.604(0.445-0.820)]and 37.7%[T3:OR(95%CI)=0.623(0.459-0.846)],respectively(P<0.01).However,there was no significant correlation between physical activity levels and depressive symptoms in male college students(P>0.05).Conclusions There is an inverse relationship between physical activity levels and depressive symptoms.The findings suggest that schools should reduce the risk of depressive symptoms by promoting physical activity levels among college students.