拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高与超重肥胖及其共病影响因素分析

Analysis of factors influencing elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity and their comorbidities among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa City

目的调查拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高、超重肥胖及其共病的流行现状,并分析其生活方式及其影响因素,为制定高海拔地区儿童青少年血压偏高、超重肥胖干预措施提供依据。方法于2021年9月采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选取拉萨市藏族1488名初、高中学生进行血压测量、体格检查并对人口学特征和生活方式进行问卷调查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析中学生血压偏高、超重肥胖及其共病的影响因素。结果拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高检出率为17.8%,超重肥胖检出率为17.4%,血压偏高与超重肥胖共病检出率为5.0%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=0.81)、居住地、体质量指数(BMI)、性别是藏族中学生血压偏高的影响因素,女生血压偏高发生风险高于男生(OR=1.89),郊县学生风险高于城区学生(OR=8.06),BMI超重组和肥胖组风险高于正常组(OR值分别为2.55,2.87)(P值均<0.05);调整性别、居住地、学校等混杂因素后,血压偏高额外调整了BMI,每日视屏时间≥2 h与血压偏高、超重肥胖及其共病的发生均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.56,1.59,2.51)(P值均<0.05)。结论拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高、超重肥胖检出率较高,每日视屏时间较长是藏族中学生血压偏高、超重肥胖和共病的共同影响因素。应采取相应措施对藏族学生进行生活方式干预,以减少藏族中学生血压偏高和超重肥胖的发生。

Objective To explore the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity and their comorbidities among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa,and to analyze their association with lifestyle and other factors,so as to provide a basis for the intervention measures targeting elevated blood pressure,overweight and obesity among middle school students in high altitude area.Methods Using a stratified cluster random sampling method in September 2021,a total of 1488 Tibetan junior and high students from Lhasa City were investigated with blood pressure measurement,physical examination and questionnaire survey.The influencing factors of elevated blood pressure,overweight and obesity and their comorbidities association were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results The prevalence of elevated blood pressure,overweight/obesity and their comorbidities were 17.8%,17.4%,5.0%respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=0.81),residence,body mass inex(BMI)and gender were the influencing factors of elevated blood pressure;and the risks of elevated blood pressure in female students were higher than male students(OR=1.89),suburban students were higher than urban students(OR=8.06),overweight and obesity groups were higher than normal groups(OR=2.55,2.87)(P<0.05).Adjusting for confounding factors such as gender,residence and school,and BMI(only for elevated blood pressure),daily screen time≥2 h was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure,overweight/obesity and its comorbidities(OR=1.56,1.59,2.51)(P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of elevated blood pressure,overweight/obesity are relatively high in Lhasa.Longer screen time is a common factor affecting with elevated blood pressure,overweight/obesity and comorbidities among Tibetan students.Measures should be taken intervene in the lifestyle of Tibetan students,in order to reduce elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity.