云南省部分地方品种鸡禽白血病病毒感染情况调查及南涧乌骨鸡种鸡禽白血病净化效果评估

Investigation of Avian Leukosis Virus Infection in Local Chicken Breeds in Yunnan Province and Evaluation of the Purification Effect on Nanjian Silky Chickens

为了解云南省部分地方品种鸡禽白血病病毒(ALV)的感染情况并评估禽白血病(AL)净化效果,本试验于2019—2021年自云南省5个地区采集12种地方品种鸡的血清和血浆样本共3321份,通过ELISA试剂盒检测禽白血病病毒J亚群(ALV-J)抗体和ALV p27抗原阳性率,分析云南省部分地方品种鸡ALV的感染情况;于2020—2022年对南涧乌骨鸡进行连续3个世代的AL净化并评估净化效果。结果显示:被调查的12种地方品种鸡均存在ALV感染,ALV-J抗体群体平均阳性率为44.82%(765/1707),ALV p27抗原群体平均阳性率为14.06%(227/1614);在不同地方品种鸡群中,公鸡群体阳性率30.52%(405/1327)高于母鸡群体阳性率29.44%(587/1994),散养户ALV-J抗体群体阳性率47.72%(325/681)高于种鸡场ALV-J抗体群体阳性率42.88%(440/1026)。南涧乌骨鸡种鸡经过3个世代净化,与1世代ALV p27抗原阳性率[精液58.33%(658/1128)、蛋清33.71%(360/1068)、40周龄公鸡血浆22.54%(94/417)和母鸡血浆18.71%(119/636)]相比,3世代[精液16.87%(218/1292)、蛋清14.56%(285/1958)、40周龄公鸡血浆0.85%(9/1065)和母鸡血浆0.66%(11/1656)]极显著下降(P<0.01);与1世代相比,3世代商品肉鸡生产性能和种鸡繁殖性能明显提升,说明该净化方案切实可行。本试验为云南省地方品种鸡群AL的净化和防控工作提供参考依据和数据支持,为云南省地方品种鸡遗传资源保护和开发利用提供借鉴。

In order to understand the infection status of avian leukosis virus(ALV)in some local chicken breeds in Yunnan Province and evaluate the purification effect of avian leukosis(AL),serum and plasma samples of 12 local chicken breeds were collected from five regions of Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2021,totaling 3321 samples.The positive rates of ALV-J antibody and ALV p27 antigen were detected by ELISA kits to analyze the infection status of ALV in some local chicken breeds in Yunnan Province.From 2020 to 2022,three consecutive generations of Nanjian silky chickens were purified for AL and the purification effect was evaluated.The results showed that all 12 local chicken breeds investigated were infected with ALV,with an average positive rate of ALV-J antibody of 44.82%(765/1707)and an average positive rate of ALV p27 antigen of 14.06%(227/1614).In different local chicken populations,the positive rate of cocks was 30.52%(405/1327),higher than that of hens,which was 29.44%(587/1994).The positive rate of ALV-J antibody in scattering raising-households was 47.72%(325/681),higher than that in breeding chicken farms,which was 42.88%(440/1026).After three generations of purification,compared with the first generation,the positive rates of ALV p27 antigen in the third generation significantly decreased(P<0.01),with semen at 16.87%(218/1292),egg white at 14.56%(285/1958),40-week-old cock plasma at 0.85%(9/1065),and hen plasma at 0.66%(11/1656),as opposed to the first generation rates of semen at 58.33%(658/1128),egg white at 33.71%(360/1068),40-week-old cock plasma at 22.54%(94/417),and hen plasma at 18.71%(119/636).Compared with the first generation,the third generation showed a significant improvement in the commercial chicken production performance and breeding performance of the chickens.This purification scheme is feasible.This study provides a reference and data support for the purification and prevention of AL in local chicken populations in Yunnan Province and provides reference for the protection and development of genetic resources of local chicken breeds in Yunnan Province.