诸葛亮北伐败因论析

On the Reasons for Zhuge Liang’s Defeat in the Northern Expedition

刘备去世后,南中叛乱,为新建的蜀汉政权带来了极大的威胁。诸葛亮志虑忠纯,亲自率兵前去平定,为蜀汉后方赢得了一个较为稳定的环境。面对国力强盛、兵精粮足的强敌魏国,诸葛亮深知若不北伐,两国国力会越拉越大,于是他以攻为守,广拓境土,蚕食雍凉,徐图中原。诸葛亮想通过北伐实现兴复汉室,还于旧都的目标。他在修整军队之后,多次出师伐魏,曹真、司马懿等人运用正确的消耗战略,使得诸葛亮多次因粮尽退军。诸葛亮虽无大功,但还是取得了一些小战果,主要有迁移西县千余家人口到汉中和攻下武都、阴平。诸葛亮鞠躬尽瘁、忠诚君主的精神是十分值得学习的。

After Liu Bei’s death,the rebellion in South China brought a great threat to the newly-built Shu-Han regime.Zhuge Liang,concerned about loyalty and purity,personally led his troops to pacify and won a relatively stable environment for the rear of Shu and Han dynasties.Facing the formidable enemy Wei,Zhuge Liang knew that without the Northern Expedition,the national strength of the two countries would grow bigger and bigger.So he took attack as the defense,expanded the territory,and encroached on Yongliang and Xu Tu Central Plains.Zhuge Liang wanted to realize the goal of reviving the Han Dynasty and returning to the old capital through the Northern Expedition.After trimming the army,he set out to attack Wei many times.Cao Zhen,Sima Yi and others used the correct consumption strategy,which made Zhuge Liang quit the army many times for lack of food.Although Zhuge Liang did not make great achievements,he still made some small achievements,mainly including the migration of more than a thousand people from western counties to Hanzhong and the capture of Wudu and Yinping.The spirit of Zhuge Liang’s dedication and loyalty to the monarch is worth learning.