蚯蚓原位堆肥与不同比例生物炭对基质理化性质及番茄品质的作用研究

A Study on the Effects of In-situ Vermicomposting with DifferentRatios of Biochar on Physicochemical Properties of Substrate andTomato Quality

设施园艺生产中传统基质品类繁多,养分组成复杂,而生物炭与蚯蚓原位堆肥养分充足,更易大范围投入标准化生产。据此,本研究以番茄品种粉得力为试材,设置蚯蚓原位堆肥(CK)、蚯蚓原位堆肥+1%生物炭(C1)、蚯蚓原位堆肥+2%生物炭(C2)、蚯蚓原位堆肥+3%生物炭(C3)、蚯蚓原位堆肥+5%生物炭(C4)、蚯蚓原位堆肥+10%生物炭(C5)共6个处理,探究不同比例生物炭对蚯蚓原位堆肥理化和微生物特性、番茄品质和产量的影响。结果表明,生物炭的施用整体显著提高了蚯蚓原位堆肥的养分含量和酶活性。生物炭对真菌群落多样性无显著影响,而显著提高了细菌群落多样性(P<0.05)。在细菌群落中,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势菌门。生物炭提高了绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)的相对丰度,降低了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度。在真菌群落中,较大的优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉菌门(Mortierellomycota)和罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)。子囊菌门(Ascomycota)在各处理中的的相对丰度均大于48%。生物炭降低了被孢霉菌门(Mortierellomycota)的相对丰度。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)是生物炭影响微生物群落形成和演化的主要驱动因素。此外,生物炭提高了番茄的产量和品质,以C3处理的番茄产量最高,较CK显著增加36.26%;可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量分别较CK显著增加0.40和3.92个百分点。番茄果实代谢研究结果表明,生物炭的施用产生了L-丝氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺等16种差异代谢物和氨酰tRNA、ABC转运蛋白等5条显著富集的代谢通路,这些差异代谢物和代谢通路可能是生物炭影响番茄果实品质变化的关键因素。综上,生物炭能够切实改良蚯蚓原位堆肥,提高番茄产量和品质。本研究结果为蚯蚓原位堆肥配施生物炭应用于番茄生产提供了理论依据。

Traditional substrates in facility horticulture production have many types and complex nutrient compositions,biochar and in-situ vermicomposting have sufficient nutrients and are easier to be put into standardized production on a wide scale.Accordingly,in this study,we set up six treatments with in-situ vermicomposting(CK),in-situ vermicomposting+1%biochar(C1),in-situ vermicomposting+2%biochar(C2),in-situ vermicomposting+3%biochar(C3),in-situ vermicomposting+5%biochar(C4),in-situ vermicomposting+10%biochar(C5),using tomato powder Deli as the test material to investigate the effects of different ratios of biochar on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of in-situ vermicomposting,tomato quality and yield.The results showed that the application of biochar significantly increased the nutrient content and enzyme activity of in-situ vermicomposting.Secondly,biochar had no significant effect on the diversity of fungal communities,while it significantly increased the diversity of bacterial communities(P<0.05).Furthermore,Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the bacterial community.Biochar increased the relative abundances of Chloroflexi and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.Among the fungal communities,the more dominant phyla were Ascomycota,Mortierellomycota,and Rozellomycota.The relative abundance ratio of Ascomycota in all treatments was greater than 48%.Biochar reduced the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota.Redundancy analyses(RDA)showed that accelerated nitrogen(AN),accelerated phosphorus(AP),and accelerated potassium(AK)were the main drivers of microbial community formation and evolution as influenced by biochar.In addition,biochar improved the yield and quality of tomato,with the C3 treatment having the highest tomato yield,which was significantly increased by 36.26%compared to CK,soluble solids and soluble sugars were significantly increased by 0.40 and 3.92 percentage points,respectively,compared to CK.The results of tomato fruit metabolism study showed that biochar application produced 16 differential metabolites such as L-serine and L-glutamine and 5 significantly enriched metabolic pathways,such as tRNA biosynthesis and ABC transporter proteins.These differential metabolites and metabolic pathways may serve as the key factors of biochar affecting the changes in tomato fruit quality.In conclusion,biochar can practically improve in-situ vermicomposting to enhance both tomato yield and quality.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the application of in-situ vermicomposting with biochar for tomato production.