甘肃省主要农作物秸秆养分资源估算

Estimation of main crop straw and nutrient resources in Gansu Province

基于统计数据,分析了甘肃省2011—2020年的主要农作物产量和氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)肥料的用量,并根据草谷比估算出甘肃省秸秆年产量,进而计算出秸秆中的总养分含量,为甘肃省化肥减量提供理论依据。结果表明,甘肃省的农作物中产量最大的是蔬菜,其中2016年产量最高,为1951.48万t,占到了农作物总产量的一半;其次是玉米,2020年产量最高,为616.83万t,占到了农作物总产量的25%。2011—2020年甘肃省的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的施用量分别为30.93万t、14.93万t和7.83万t。农作物秸秆年总产量为1 948.17万t,其中含有N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O等养分总量分别为19.88万t、5.57万t、30.79万t。当这些秸秆完全还田后可使氮肥减量64.27%,磷肥减量37.31%,钾肥达到零施用。

Based on statistical data,this essay analyzed the yield of main crops and the amount of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5)),potassium(K_(2)O)fertilizers in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2020,estimated the annual yield of straw in Gansu Province according to the ratio of grass-grain,and then calculated the total nutrient content of straw.The results show that the largest crop output in Gansu Province is vegetables,of which the highest output in 2016 was 19514800 tons,accounting for half of the total crop output,followed by the highest output of corn in 2020 was 6168300 tons,accounting for a quarter of the total crop output.In recent years,the application rates of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))and potassium(K_(2)O)fertilizers in Gansu Province are 309300 tons,149300 tons and 78300 tons respectively.The total annual output of crop straw is 19.4817 million tons,including 198800 tons of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5)),potassium(K_(2)O)and other nutrients,55700 tons and 307900 tons respectively.When these straws are completely returned to the field,the amount of nitrogen fertilizer(N)can be reduced by 64.27%,the amount of phosphorus fertilizer(P_(2)O_(5))can be reduced by 37.31%,and the amount of potassium fertilizer(K_(2)O)can reach zero application.