船舶物资采购成本风险评价与规避对策分析

Cost Risk Evaluation and Avoidance Countermeasure Analysisof Ship Material Purchase

从物资采购全生命周期角度出发,构建船舶物资采购成本风险评价指标体系。采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)对各项物资采购成本风险指标进行构权,并利用模糊综合评价法对新态势下的船舶物资采购成本风险进行分析。结果表明,船舶物资采购成本风险集中于大宗金属物资价格、汇率、产业集中度、自主可控程度、采购模式、订货批量和品种多样化程度等6个方面。据此制定船舶物资采购成本风险规避对策,对提高造船企业的效益与竞争力具有现实意义。

Started from the perspective of whole life cycle of material purchase,the cost risk evaluation index system of ship material purchase is established.The weights of each cost risk index of material purchase are made with Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),and the cost risks of ship material purchase under new situation are analyzed with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The results show that the cost risks of ship material purchase are concentrated in six sides,such as bulk metal materials price,exchange rate,industrial concentration degree,self-control degree,purchase mode,order quantity,and type diversification degree.Based on the results,the avoidance countermeasures of cost risk of ship material purchase are developed,which is of current significance for improving the benefit and competitive power of shipbuilding enterprises.