3D打印隔热材料研究进展

Research Progress of 3D Printing Thermal Insulation Materials

3D打印技术能够实现面向性能的设计以及非常规结构的制造,其在隔热领域的应用可以使材料具有更加精细、可控、定制化的结构与功能。当前,3D打印隔热材料技术仍处于快速迭代期,打印材料、结构设计和制造工艺等技术瓶颈尚待突破。本文对3D打印隔热材料的现状进行了综述,简要分析了在隔热材料制造方面较有前景的3D打印工艺,对比了各工艺的优缺点以及适用的材料类型,着重讨论了3D打印陶瓷、发泡混凝土、泡沫塑料和气凝胶材料在隔热领域的研究进展,最后总结了目前面临的技术挑战和未来的主要发展方向。

3D printing technology enables the performance-oriented design and fabrication of unusual structures.Its use in thermal insulation can result in materials with a finer,more controllable,and customized structure and function.At the moment,3D printing insulation material technology is still in its early stages,with technical bottlenecks such as printing materials,structural design,and manufacturing processes still to be overcome.This paper reviews the current state of 3D printing thermal insulation materials and provides a brief overview of the promising 3D printing process for the production of thermal insulation materials.The advantages and disadvantages of these printing processes,as well as the material requirements,are compared.Furthermore,the progress of research on 3D printing ceramics,foamed concrete,foamed plastics,and aerogel materials in the field of thermal insulation is thoroughly discussed.This paper concludes with the current technical challenges and the main future development directions.