视觉人类学与视觉文化研究

Visual Anthropology and Visual Culture Studies

在人类对世界的感知中,视觉信息占了很大比重。古往今来各民族丰富的视觉文化,为视觉人类学考察提供了广阔的“田野”;人类学自身的跨学科优势,也为视觉人类学研究给予了深厚的学理支持。视觉人类学不仅可以与人类学母体的主要分支学科有机结合,对文物、艺术史、民间艺术和非物质文化遗产展开研究,也可以对语言人类学中的可视性符号、体质(医学)人类学中的“内景反观”异视现象进行探讨;而视觉人类学以影视拍摄为主要方法的影视民族志表达,已经成为人类学书写的一个重要方面。21世纪以来网络和数字媒体开启的视觉新时代,为视觉人类学的学科建设,拓展了更大的空间。

In the human perception of the world,visual information accounts for a large proportion.The rich visual culture of all peoples throughout the ages provides a broad“field”for visual anthropology investigation.The interdisciplinary advantage of anthropology has also given profound academic support to the research of visual anthropology.Visual anthropology can not only integrate with the main branches of parent anthropology to study cultural relics,art history,folk art and intangible cultural heritage,but also explore the visual symbols in linguistic anthropology and the phenomenon of“interior reflection”in physical(medical)anthropology.The ethnographic expression of visual anthropology,which mainly takes film and television shooting as its main method,has become an important aspect of anthropological writing.Since the 21st century,the Internet and digital media have opened up a new visual era,which has expanded a larger space for the discipline construction of visual anthropology.