新型氮磷阻燃剂在水性聚氨酯中的应用研究

Study on the Application of Novel Nitrogen-Phosphorus Flame Retardants in Waterborne Polyurethane

水性聚氨酯材料因其具有优异的耐热性和力学性能,被广泛用于涂料、泡沫、塑料等领域,但其极易燃烧,限制了其应用,采用聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚丙二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为主要原料,自制阻燃剂DOPO-MA-DIPA为一次扩链剂,2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为二次扩链剂,通过预聚体法成功制备阻燃水性聚氨酯;用傅里叶红外光谱仪对阻燃剂和聚氨酯进行了表征,并对阻燃剂的剩炭率、膨胀高度进行了测试。采用氧指数法、垂直燃烧法和水平燃烧法对聚氨酯阻燃性进行研究,结果发现,当阻燃剂的添加量达到聚氨酯有效成分的6%时,聚氨酯的极限氧指数从22.7%提升至27.7%,水平燃烧测试无熔滴产生,阻燃性显著提高。

Waterborne polyurethane materials are widely used in coatings and foam plastics due to their excellent thermal stability and mechanical performance.However,the extreme flammability limits their applications.Using polytetramethylene ether glycol,polypropylene glycol and isophorone diisocyanate as primary reagents,a synthesized self-made flame retardant DOPO-MA-DIPA as the primary chain extender,and 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid(DMPA) as the secondary chain extender,flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane was successfully prepared via the prepolymer technique.Characterization of the flame retardant and polyurethane was done using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,testing of the flame retardant's residual carbon content and expansion in height was conducted,and the flame retardancy of the polyurethane was examined through oxygen index measurement,vertical burning test and horizontal burning test.It was found that when the addition of the flame retardant reached 6% of the waterborne polyurethane's effective constituents,the limiting oxygen index increased from 22.7% to 27.7%,No melt drippings were seen in the horizontal burning test,indicating a remarkable enhancement in flame retardancy.