多层次网络嵌入与众创空间创新绩效的关系——基于双元创新行为的中介模型分析

Relationship Between Multi-network Embeddedness and Innovation Performance of Makerspace:Based on the Intermediary Effect of Ambidextrous Innovation

众创空间企业小而新、资源和能力有限,要取得更多更好的创新绩效,嵌入外部网络已成为其必然选择,但有关影响机制的“黑箱”并未完全打开;而且,为使用、提炼已有知识和技术提升现有技术、产品/服务、过程、结构以巩固现有市场的利用创新行为和拓展或突破原有技术、知识形成新技术和新知识以满足新市场的探索创新行为(以下简称“双元创新行为”),在企业网络嵌入与创新绩效之间的中介效应仍未明晰。为此,基于网络嵌入理论和知识创新理论,构建“多层次网络嵌入—双元创新行为—众创空间创新绩效”模型,运用结构方程模型和Bootstrap方法对福建省306家众创空间中小企业的调查数据进行实证检验,分别考察关系嵌入、结构嵌入、知识嵌入是否通过引发双元创新行为对众创空间创新绩效产生影响,同时检验3种网络嵌入的组合效应。结果表明:关系嵌入、结构嵌入、知识嵌入对众创空间创新绩效均有显著的正向影响;双元创新行为在多层网络嵌入和众创空间创新绩效中的链式中介作用存在较大的差异,其中在关系嵌入与创新绩效间的链式中介效应显著,在结构嵌入与创新绩效间发挥并行中介作用;关系嵌入和知识嵌入存在叠加效应,而结构嵌入和知识嵌入存在抵消效应。可见,在众创空间中,具有关系嵌入和知识嵌入优势的企业在网络中具有更高的信任度、更紧密的关系和更丰富的知识资源。因此,企业应关注网络嵌入状态的协同效应以及知识嵌入状态,并根据网络嵌入状态选择合适的创新行为,以实现创新绩效的明显改善。

Enterprises located in makerspaces are usually small and new.Given the resource and capabilities limitations of these enterprises,it has become an inevitable choice to embed themselves in the external network in order to achieve more and better innovation performance.However,the "black box" of the influence mechanism of enterprise relationship embedding has not been fully opened.Moreover,for the dual innovation behavior,that is,the usetype innovation behavior,which is to improve existing technologies,products/services,processes,and structures to consolidate the existing market,and the exploratory innovation behavior,which is to expand or break through the original technology,knowledge to form new technology and new knowledge to meet the new market,the intermediary effect between enterprise network embedding and innovation performance is still unclear.To this end,based on network embeddedness theory and knowledge innovation theory,this paper constructs a "multi-network embeddedness-ambidextrous innovation behavior-innovation performance" research model,and analyzes the internal mechanism of multi-network embeddedness affecting innovation performance in makerspace.According to 306questionnaire survey data of small and medium-sized enterprises in makerspace in Fujian province,structural equation modeling and bootstrap are used to test the effects and chain intermediary effects,expecting to examine whether relational embedding,structural embedding,and knowledge embedding have an impact on the innovation performance of the makerspace through dual innovation behavior.The results show that:(1)Multi-network embeddedness is a key external factor affecting the innovation performance of enterprises in makerspace.(2)The chain mediating role of exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation is significantly varied in multi-network embeddedness and the innovation performance of makerspace.The chain mediation effect of ambidextrous innovation between network relationship embedding and innovation performance is significantly positive,playing a parallel mediating role.(3)There is a superposition effect between relationship embedding and knowledge embedding,while there is offset effect between structural embedding and knowledge embedding.Enterprises in makerspace with advantages in relational embedding and knowledge embedding have higher trust,closer relationships,and richer knowledge resources in the network.Therefore,enterprises should pay attention to the synergistic effect of the network embedding state and the knowledge embedding state,and select the appropriate innovation behavior according to the network embedding state,so as to achieve a significant improvement of the innovation performance.